Methods and apparatus for switching fibre channel arbitrated loop systems

ABSTRACT

Methods and apparatus for switching Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop Systems is provided between a plurality of Fibre Channel Loop devices. In one aspect of the invention, the system switches based at least in part on arbitrated loop primitives. An exemplary interconnect system may include a first port and a second port, both including port logic to monitor certain arbitrated loop primitives, a connectivity apparatus, a route determination apparatus including a routing table consisting of ALPA addresses and their associated ports, the route determination apparatus coupled to each port and the connectivity apparatus, where the connectivity apparatus creates paths between the ports based on arbitrated loop primitives. In one embodiment, the connectivity apparatus is a crossbar switch. Examples of the arbitrated loop primitives that cause the switch to create paths between ports includes one or more of the following: ARB, OPN and CLS. In yet other aspects, the system ensures device access fairness through one or more techniques, including a rotating priority system, a counter to count the number of OPNs, especially sequential OPNs, and/or priority based on port type. Device zoning may be implemented. In one implementation, the system includes trunking such that frames may be transferred on multiple ports.

RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Utility applicationSer. No. 10/612,753, filed Jul. 1, 2003, entitled “Method and Apparatusfor Switching Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop Devices”, which in turnclaims priority to U.S. Provisional Application 60/393,164, filed Jul.2, 2002, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Switching in a Fibre ChannelNetwork” and U.S. Provisional Application 60/395,107, filed Jul. 10,2002, entitled “System and Method for Multiple Trunk Connections BetweenFibre Channel Switches”, all of which are incorporated by reference asif fully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Fibre Channel is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) set ofstandards which describes a high performance serial transmissionprotocol which supports higher level storage and networking protocolssuch as HIPPI, IPI, SCSI, IP, ATM, FDDI and others. Fibre Channel wascreated to merge the advantages of channel technology with networktechnology to create a new I/O interface which meets the requirements ofboth channel and network users. Channel technology is usuallyimplemented by I/O systems in a closed, structured and predictableenvironment where network technology usually refers to an open,unstructured and unpredictable environment.

Advantages of Fibre Channel include the following. First, it achieveshigh performance, which is a critical in opening the bandwidthlimitations of current computer to storage and computer to computerinterfaces at gigabit speeds. Second, utilizing fiber optic technology,Fibre Channel can overcome traditional I/O channel distance limitationsand interconnect devices over distances of 6 miles at gigabit speeds.Third, it is high level protocol independent, enabling Fibre Channel totransport a wide variety of protocols over the same media. Fourth, FibreChannel uses fiber optic technology which has very low noise properties.Finally, cabling is simple in that Fibre Channel typically replacesbulky copper cables with small lightweight fiber optic cables.

Fibre Channel supports three different topologies, point-to-point,arbitrated loop and fabric attached. The point-to-point topologyattaches two devices directly. The arbitrated loop topology attachesdevices in a loop. The fabric attached topology attaches a devicedirectly to a fabric.

In a Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop topology up to 126 devices and oneconnection to a fabric switch may exist in a single Arbitrated LoopPhysical Address (ALPA) space. Data within an ALPA space physicallytravels from node to node in a daisy-chain fashion, ultimately travelingin a loop. Control by a device on the loop is obtained through theprocess of loop arbitration, after which the device winning arbitrationsends data. In a half duplex mode, only one device is transferring dataat any point in time. In a full duplex mode, two devices may communicatewith each other at the same time.

Generally, the disadvantages of the Arbitrated Loop topology include:first, it is a blocking topology, that is, only a single connectionbetween a pair of nodes is allowed at any point in time (excluding thebroadcast mode). Second, device buffering occurs in each device as ithas a six word buffer, creating a delay of up to 225 nanoseconds. Thisdelay is additive with each device in the loop. The delay createsoverhead for the communicating devices when a large number of devicesare connected to a loop. Third, distance also adds delay to a loop andis additive for each device. Fourth, robustness is an issue since alldevices are on one loop any device failure will cause the entire loop tofail or reset. Fifth, the total bandwidth available is limited to thebandwidth of the loop itself.

Loop devices are typically interconnected on an Arbitrated Loop with ahub. The hub is a passive device, that is a loop exists within the hub.A hub in most cases maintains the loop's integrity when devices areremoved, powered off, or fail by using port bypass circuits. Hubs simplyreceive and redrive the signals to individual devices.

Hub advantages include low cost, low complexity, ease of use andinteroperable with a large number of Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loopsupported devices.

There are also many disadvantages when interconnecting Fibre ChannelArbitrated Loop devices with hubs: First, hubs do not address theblocking nature of the loop topology. Second, jitter is propagated frombypassed nodes. This additive affect causes loop instability when alarge number of devices are interconnected. Third, when data iscurrently being transferred and a device attached to a hub is poweredoff or fails, the loop could be reset which is destructive to thecommunicating devices. Fourth, if a device is inserted into a live loopthe loop will be reset which is destructive to the communicatingdevices.

In Berman U.S. Pat. No. 6,185,203, entitled “Fibre Channel SwitchingFabric”, there is disclosed apparatus which comprises separate portcontrol modules, one for each attached device, a central router module,a switch core module, a fabric control module and a brouter(bridge/router) module. The port control modules are connected to therouter modules by separate route request connections and separate routeresponse connections. Through this structure, route requests may beprovided from the port control module to the router while simultaneouslythe router provides route request responses to the same port controlmodule. Preferably, a common route request channel is utilized. Thus,apparatus is provided to return a route response to a previouslyrequesting port while other ports are arbitrating and sending routerequests to the centralized router. More generally, this apparatusprovides for reading resource requests from multiple requesters while atthe same time returning resource grant responses to previous requesters.

In Berman U.S. Pat. No. 6,118,776, entitled “Methods And Apparatus ForFiber Channel Interconnection Of Private Loop Devices”, methods andapparatus are provided for Fiber Channel interconnection between aplurality of private loop devices through a Fiber Channel private loopdevice interconnect system. In the preferred embodiments, the FiberChannel private loop device interconnect system is a fabric or anintelligent bridging hub. In one aspect, a Fiber Channel private loopdevice is connected to two or more Arbitrated Loops containing, oradapted to contain, one or more private loop devices. Preferably, theinterconnect system includes a routing filter to filter incomingArbitrated Loop physical addresses (ALPAs) to determine which FiberChannel frames must attempt to be routed through the fabric. Numeroustopologies of interconnect systems may be achieved. In another aspect, amethod is provided for implementing a logical loop of private loopdevices by switching the logical loop into a plurality of sets,assigning each set to a physical Arbitrated Loop and connecting theArbitrated Loops to a Fiber Channel private loop device interconnectsystem. Additional methods are provided for restricting attached devicesto Arbitrated Loop physical addresses within certain ranges.Additionally, methods are provided for resetting hosts, the methodgenerally comprising the steps of detecting the addition of a storagedevice to a first Arbitrated Loop, and thereafter, resetting theArbitrated Loop or loops on which a host or hosts reside on secondArbitrated Loop. Methods for operation with use of SCSI initiatorsgenerate a link service reject when no address match is found, or whenan address match is found, but where no device with the destination ALPAexists on the Arbitrated Loop corresponding to the destination.

What is needed is an ability to interconnect Fibre Channel ArbitratedLoop devices in a low cost and simple to deploy manner.

As such, it is the goal of this invention to provide apparatus andmethods that solves or mitigates these problems with a resultingsolution that is low cost and easy to deploy and manage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Methods and apparatus for switching Fibre Channel Arbitrated LoopSystems is provided between a plurality of Fibre Channel Loop devices.In one aspect of the invention, the system switches based at least inpart on arbitrated loop primitives. An exemplary interconnect system mayinclude a first port and a second port, both including port logic tomonitor certain arbitrated loop primitives, a connectivity apparatus, aroute determination apparatus including a routing table consisting ofALPA addresses and their associated ports, the route determinationapparatus coupled to each port and the connectivity apparatus, where theconnectivity apparatus creates paths between the ports based onarbitrated loop primitives. In one embodiment, the connectivityapparatus is a crossbar switch. Examples of the arbitrated loopprimitives that cause the switch to create paths between ports includesone or more of the following: ARB, OPN and CLS.

Yet another version of the system for interconnecting Fibre ChannelArbitrated Loop devices comprises a first Arbitrated Loop containing oneor more Fibre Channel arbitrated loop devices, a second Arbitrated LoopDevice, a Fibre Channel arbitrated loop interconnect system, theinterconnect system including a first port containing port logic coupledto the first Arbitrated Loop, a second port containing port logiccoupled to the second Arbitrated Loop, and route determination apparatusfor selecting a route between ports, where the said route determinationapparatus selecting routes based on received Fibre Channel ArbitratedLoop primitives from the ports and including a routing table containingALPA addresses and their associated ports, and connectivity apparatuscoupled to the first and second ports and to the route determinationapparatus for switching frames between ports under control of the routedetermination apparatus. Again, the connectivity apparatus may be acrossbar switch, and the Arbitrated Loop primitives may be ARBs, Opensand Closes.

In yet another aspect of the invention, methods and apparatus fortrunking are provided. By way of example, such a system forinterconnecting Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop devices may comprise afirst Fibre Channel Arbitrated loop switch, a second Fibre ChannelArbitrated loop switch, both including port logic, connectivityapparatus and route determination logic, the route determination logiccreating routes based on the receipt of certain arbitrated Loopprimitives, such as ARB, OPN and CLS, characterized wherein the firstand second loop switches are interconnected by two or more Fibre ChannelArbitrated Loop links and transfer frames on both ports.

In yet another aspect of the invention, systems and methods attempt toensure device access fairness in a Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop system.Such a system may include a plurality of Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loopports each including port logic, a route determination apparatus, aconnectivity apparatus, and logic implementing predefined loop controlcriteria to enforce fairness. By way of example, the predefined loopcontrol criteria implemented by the logic may limit the number of timesa connected device opens another device. More particularly, it may limitthe number of times a connected device sequentially opens anotherdevice. This may advantageously be implemented by a counter to count thenumber of opens, particularly sequential opens. Optionally, the systemmay proactively close a device. In yet another aspect regardingfairness, the ports may be assigned different access priorities, such asbased on port type. In yet another aspect, a rotating priority systemmay aid in ensuring device access fairness.

In yet another aspect of the invention, device zoning in employed in aFibre Channel Arbitrated Loop System. An exemplary system would includea plurality of Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop ports each including portlogic, a route determination apparatus, connectivity apparatus, e.g., acrossbar switch, adapted to connect the Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loopports based on the receipt of certain Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loopprimitives, whereby a LIP received on said first port is selectivelypropagated to one or more of the ports.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a FibreChannel Arbitrated Loop system that effectively and efficiently switchesbased at least in part based on arbitrated loop primitives, such as ARB,OPN and CLS.

It is yet another objective of these inventions to provide systems andmethods having improved device access fairness.

It is yet another objective of these inventions to provide systemshaving trunking, such that frames may be transferred on multiple ports.

It is yet another object of the invention to provide a system and methodthat employs Device Zoning.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of devices interconnected in a Fibre ChannelArbitrated Loop.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a Loop Switch in hub emulation mode.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a Loop Switch in hub emulation mode with a devicelink error.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the architecture of a Loop Switch.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of two communicating Fibre Channel devices through aLoop Switch.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of two pairs of simultaneous communicating FibreChannel devices through a Loop Switch.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an architecture of a Loop Switch with aFibre Channel MAC block.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the port logic of a Loop Switch.

FIG. 9 a is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 9 b is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 9 c is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 9 d is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 10 a is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 10 b is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 10 c is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 10 d is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 11 a is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 11 b is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 11 c is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 12 a is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 12 b is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 12 c is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 13 a is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 13 b is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 14 a is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 14 b is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 15 a is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 15 b is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 15 c is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 15 d is a diagram of communicating devices on an Arbitrated Loopattached to a Loop Switch.

FIG. 16 a is a diagram of a string cascade of Loop Switches.

FIG. 16 b is a diagram of a tree cascade of Loop Switches.

FIG. 16 c is a diagram of a tree of strings cascade of Loop Switches.

FIG. 17 is a diagram of a duplicate tree cascade of Loop Switches.

FIG. 18 is a diagram of a Loop Switch with multiple disks on a port.

FIG. 19 is a state diagram of stealth mode LIP isolation within a LoopSwitch.

FIG. 20 is a diagram of a single Loop Switch and single zone stealth LIPisolation.

FIG. 21 is a diagram of a single Loop Switch with multiple LIP zones.

FIG. 22 is a diagram of a single Loop Switch with multiple overlappingLIP zones.

FIG. 23 is a diagram of multiple Loop Switches with multiple overlappingLIP zones.

FIG. 24 is a diagram of multiple Loop Switches with multiple LIP Zoneswith simultaneous LIPs.

FIG. 25 is a diagram of multiple Loop Switches with multiple LIP Zoneswith simultaneous LIPs.

FIG. 26 is a flow diagram of the CPU port operation.

FIG. 27 shows a string of loop switches within a storage enclosure.

FIG. 28 shows a string of loop switches.

FIG. 29 shows a tree and string of loop switches.

FIG. 30 shows a string of loop switches.

FIG. 31 shows a string of loop switches.

FIG. 32 shows a string of loop switches.

FIG. 33 shows a string of loop switches.

FIG. 34 shows a string of loop switches.

FIG. 35 is a flow chart relating to an HBA and the winning ofarbitration in cascaded loop switches.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Table of Contents

-   -   1. Definitions    -   2. Loop Switch Feature Set    -   3. Functional Overview        -   3.1 Hub Emulation Mode (Shared Bandwidth)        -   3.2 Non-overlapping Hard Zoning (Multiple Loops)        -   3.3 Switching (segmenting) Mode        -   3.4 Overlapping Hard Zoning (Virtual Loops)    -   4. Architectural Description        -   4.1 Port Logic        -   4.2 Router        -   4.3 Switch Logic        -   4.4 Fibre Channel Port        -   4.5 Internal Serdes    -   5. Functional Description        -   5.1 Loop Switch Internal Selftest        -   5.2 Internal Loopback        -   5.3 Port Insertion            -   5.3.1 Establishing Word Sync            -   5.3.2 Detection of Direct Connection to Vixel Loop                Switch            -   5.3.3 Serial Number Exchange on Connect (SEOC)            -   5.3.4 SEOC Failure            -   5.3.5 Completion of Port Insertion            -   5.3.6 Port Insertion Failure        -   5.4 Port Bypass        -   5.5 Device Discovery            -   5.5.1 Passive Device Discovery During Full-Loop Switch                Initialization            -   5.5.2 Shadow Device ALPA Resolution with LILP            -   5.5.3 Shadow Device ALPA Resolution without LILP            -   5.5.4 Device Discovery Errors            -   5.5.5 Loop Initialization Timeout        -   5.6 Idle Replacement by ARBff        -   5.7 Switching (Segmenting) Mode Operation            -   5.7.1 Source and Destination nodes on the same port            -   5.7.2 Source and Destination nodes on the different                ports            -   5.7.3 Simultaneous open connect request            -   5.7.4 OPN sent to non-existent device            -   5.7.5 R_RDYs following OPNs            -   5.7.6 Node Failure            -   5.7.7 Microprocessor Assisted Operation        -   5.8 Cascading            -   5.8.1 Single Cascade            -   5.8.2 Duplicate Cascades—Trunking        -   5.9 Port Fairness            -   5.9.1 Single Loop Switch Fairness            -   5.9.2 Multiple Loop Switch System Impacts on Fairness            -   5.9.3 Repetitive Closure Impacts on Fairness        -   5.10 Zoning            -   5.10.1 Non-overlapping Zoning            -   5.10.2 Overlapping Zoning (switching mode)        -   5.11 LIP Isolation            -   5.11.1 Non-Stealth Modes            -   5.11.2 Stealth Mode            -   5.11.3 Stealth Mode Isolation, Single ASIC, Devices in a                Single LIP Zone, No Route Blocking            -   5.11.4 Stealth Mode Isolation, Single ASIC, Devices in                Multiple LIP Zones, No Routes Blocked            -   5.11.5 Stealth Mode Isolation, Single ASIC, Devices in                Multiple LIP Zones, With Blocked Routes            -   5.11.6 Stealth Mode Isolation, Multiple ASICs, Devices                in Multiple LIP Zones, With Blocked Routes            -   5.11.7 Stealth Mode Isolation, Multiple ASICs, Multiple                Zones, HBA #1 & HBA #2 in Connection            -   5.11.8 Stealth Mode Isolation, Multiple ASICs, Devices                in Multiple LIP Zones, Simultaneous LIPs        -   5.12 CPU Port Interface            -   5.12.1 CPU Port Description and Operation        -   5.13 Port Management Functions            -   5.13.1 Port Control            -   5.13.2 Port Status            -   5.13.3 Ordered Set Detection            -   5.13.4 User Match Functions            -   5.13.5 Ordered Set Transmission            -   5.13.6 GBIC/SFP Status and Control            -   5.13.7 FBIC/SFP Serial ID            -   5.13.8 Error Counters            -   5.13.9 Port Monitoring Mode            -   5.13.10 Port External Loopback            -   5.13.11 Frequency Check Circuit            -   5.13.12 Port Operational Policies            -   5.13.13 ALPA to Port Map            -   5.13.14 Traffic Patterns (Switching Mode Only)            -   5.13.15 Port/Loop Segment Utilization Measurement            -   5.13.16 Port Overlapping Hard Zoning (Switching Mode                Only)            -   5.13.17 Raw Data Snoop Port        -   5.14 Loop Switch Management Functions            -   5.14.1 Input Data Signals        -   5.15 Loop Switch Management Functions            -   5.15.1 Environments Monitoring            -   5.15.2 Loopstate Detection and LED            -   5.15.3 Loop Initialization        -   5.16 FC Port Interfaces            -   5.16.1 GBIC/SFP Pins            -   5.16.2 Lock-to_reference        -   5.17 System Interface        -   5.18 Microprocessor Interface            -   5.18.1 Interrupt Signal            -   5.18.2 I²C Serial Interface            -   5.18.3 Parallel Processor Interface        -   5.19 Serial EEPROM Interface    -   6. Register Definitions for Vixel's SOC422 Loop Switch        -   6.1 Router Register Definitions            -   6.1.1 Router Configuration Register            -   6.1.2 Router Control Register #1            -   6.1.3 Router Control Register #2            -   6.1.4 Remove Connection/Pending OPN Registers            -   6.1.5 Stall Threshold Register            -   6.1.6 Router Local SEOC USER Register            -   6.1.7 RTR SW Matrix Configuration Register            -   6.1.8 Port Active Status Registers            -   6.1.9 Switch Matrix Control Register            -   6.1.10 Switch Matrix Select Register            -   6.1.11 Rem conn_cnt Register            -   6.1.12 Port Unfair Registers            -   6.1.13 Port 15-0 Interrupt Status Register            -   6.1.14 Future Port 31-23/Port 22-16 Interrupt Status                Register            -   6.1.15 Router Status Register #1            -   6.1.16 Router Status Register #2 (Router Interrupt                Status)            -   6.1.17 Router Status Register #3            -   6.1.18 Router Status Register #4            -   6.1.19 Block ALPA/Router Loop Up Counter Register            -   6.1.20 Router Control Register #3            -   6.1.21 System LED Override Registers            -   6.1.22 Router Interrupt Mask Register            -   6.1.23 Port Fairness Control Register            -   6.1.24 Variable Priority Timer Register            -   6.1.25 Router Overlapping Hard Zone Control Registers            -   6.1.26 Router Opened Port Map Registers            -   6.1.27 Router ALPA Port Map Register            -   6.1.28 Router ALPA Position Map (LILP Payload) Register            -   6.1.29 Router Serial EEPROM Capture Registers            -   6.1.30 Loop Initialization Master WWN Register            -   6.1.31 Software Override Initiator Bit Map            -   6.1.32 Captured Initiator Bit Map            -   6.1.33 Trunk Grouping Registers            -   6.1.34 Learned Initiator Port Map Registers            -   6.1.35 Close Count on Destination ALPA Registers            -   6.1.36 Per ALPA Open Counter Max Registers            -   6.1.37 Stealth Isolation Control Register #1            -   6.1.38 Stealth Isolation Control Register #2            -   6.1.39 Stop Traffic Control Registers            -   6.1.40 Status Register #5            -   6.1.41 Mask Register for Status Register #5 Interrupt            -   6.1.42 Stealth Timeout Register            -   6.1.43 Status Register #6 (Stealth State)            -   6.1.44 Stealth LIP Inter-Switch Transmit Payload                Registers            -   6.1.45 Stealth Received Inter-ASIC Frame Registers            -   6.1.46 LIFA Frame Modification Registers            -   6.1.47 LIRP Frame Modification Registers            -   6.1.48 Router Blocking Registers, Group 0 to 7            -   6.1.49 Router Blocking Registers, Group 8 to E            -   6.1.50 LIP Isolation Zone Control Registers            -   6.1.51 Stealth Generic Inter-Swtich Frame Header                Registers            -   6.1.52 Stealth Generic Inter-Switch Frame Transmit                Payload Registers            -   6.1.53 Stealth Generic Inter-Switch Frame Payload                Registers        -   6.2 Port Register Definitions            -   6.2.1 Port Configuration Register            -   6.2.2 Port Control Register #1            -   6.2.3 Port User Ordered Set Match Register            -   6.2.4 Port User Ordered Set Transmit Register            -   6.2.5 User 10B Word            -   6.2.6 Local SEOC P_INFO            -   6.2.7 Port Interrupt Mask Register #1            -   6.2.8 Port Interrupt Mask Register #2            -   6.2.9 No Comma Timer Register            -   6.2.10 OS/CRC Error Threshold Registers            -   6.2.11 Port Control Register #2            -   6.2.12 Stall Counter Register            -   6.2.13 Port Error/Change Status Register #1            -   6.2.14 Port Error/Change Status Register #2            -   6.2.15 Port Status Register #1            -   6.2.16 Port Status Register #2            -   6.2.17 Port Detector Register #1            -   6.2.18 Port Detector Register #2            -   6.2.19 Port OS Error Count            -   6.2.20 Current Destination Register            -   6.2.21 Port Match Count Register            -   6.2.22 Port Utilization % Register            -   6.2.23 Port Capture Ordered Set Register            -   6.2.24 Invalid OPN/Broadcast (ARBx) ALPA Capture                Register            -   6.2.25 Port Insertion/Loop Up Counter Register            -   6.2.26 Port CRC Error ALPA Register            -   6.2.27 RX Frame Count Register            -   6.2.28 Port Connections Attempted Register            -   6.2.29 Port Connections Held Off Register            -   6.2.30 Port Clock Delta Counter            -   6.2.31 Src/Dest ALPA Register            -   6.2.32 Port ALPA Bitmap Registers            -   6.2.33 Remote SEOC P_INFO Register            -   6.2.34 Remote SEOC USER Register            -   6.2.35 GBIC/SFP Read Address Register            -   6.2.36 Port Open Lockup Max Count Register            -   6.2.37 GBIC/SFP Serial ID Data Register            -   6.2.38 Src/Dest ALPA on Mismatch OPN Register            -   6.2.39 Destination ID on OPN Mismatch Register            -   6.2.40 Src/Dest ALPA from Unknown OPN/Lost Node Register            -   6.2.41 Extra Control Register            -   6.2.42 SCSI Statistics ALPA            -   6.2.43 SCSI Read IO Counter            -   6.2.44 SCSI Write IO Counter            -   6.2.45 SCSI Read Byte Counter            -   6.2.46 SCSI Write Byte Counter        -   6.3 CPU Port Registers            -   6.3.1 Interrupt Register            -   6.3.2 Interrupt Mask Register            -   6.3.3 Control Register            -   6.3.4 Xmt FIFO Read and Write Pointer Register            -   6.3.5 Xmt FIFO Data Register            -   6.3.6 Rcv DMA Service Timer Register            -   6.3.7 Rcv FIFO Read and Write Pointer Register            -   6.3.8 Rcv FIFO Data Register            -   6.3.9 Statistics Counter Registers            -   6.3.10 Millisecond Timebase Control Register    -   7. Signal Descriptions        1. Definitions        Abbreviation & Description

-   Arbitrated Loop—A Fibre Channel topology where Ports use arbitration    to gain access to the Loop

-   ARB—Fiber channel arbitrate primitive (ordered set). Used to gain    control of the loop.

-   AL_TIME—Arbitrated Loop Timer: Timer defined in AL standard with    default value=15 ms.

-   ALPA or AL_PA—Arbitrated Loop Physical Address: a unique one-byte (8    bit) value, refer to the FCAL T11 Spec for more definition

-   API—Application Programming Interface

-   ASIC—Application Specific Integrated Circuit

-   Beaconing—Flashing LEDs on a port to draw attention for service    personnel.

-   Cascade—Connection nominally between two hubs. Arbitration mechanism    is modified to promote fair system operation.

-   CLS—Close fibre channel primitive. A procedure used by an L_Port to    terminate a Loop circuit

-   CRC—Cyclic Redundancy Check. Used to check data integrity of a data    frame.

-   DITH—Deer In The Headlights. Algorithm used by the Loop Switch ASIC    to make the SEOC information transfer meet the FC-AL specification.

-   Duplicate Cascade—when there are two or more interswitch links    between the Loop Switches. Also known as trunking

-   Dynamic Load Balancing—the ability to steer frame traffic over two    or more links between the same two Loop Switches

-   EWRAP—Electrical WRAP: Loopback signal to a transceiver

-   EEPROM—Electrically Erasable & Programmable ROM

-   Fairness window—(or Access Fairness Window) the period during which    a fair L_Port can arbitrate and win access to the Loop only once,    refer to the ANSI FCAL for more information

-   FC—Fibre Channel

-   FC-AL—Fibre Channel-Arbitrated Loop protocol

-   FC MAC—Fibre Channel Media Access Control. Implements FC0, FC1 and    some of FC2—ANSI Fibre Channel functions.

-   FPGA—Field Programmable Gate Array

-   FL_Port—An F_Port (i.e., Fabric Port) which contains the Loop Port    State Machine defined by FCAL

-   GBIC—Giga-Bit Interface Converter

-   Gbps—Giga Bit Per Second

-   Hard Zones—zones or areas that are separate from each other, i.e.,    no Fibre Channel frames or Arbitrated Loop primitives pass through    the zones.

-   HBA—Host Bus Adapter

-   Hub Emulation Mode—A mode where the Loop Switch emulates a hub by    wiring all ports together, the result being similar to a hub    connection.

-   I²C—Inter-Integrated Circuit protocol (I²C)

-   JBOD—Just a Bunch Of Disks. A group of FC-AL disks in a single    enclosure connected by port bypass means.

-   LIM—Loop initialization master—the L_Port which is responsible for    initializing the Loop.

-   LIP—Loop Initialization Primitive Sequence—any of the LIP Primitive    Sequences, see FCAL

-   LIP Blocking—The act of blocking the propagation of LIPs. Used on    ports of the Loop Switch so as not to disrupt any communications.

-   LIP Zones—A list of devices that the Loop Switch will propagate a    LIP if received by any device in the zone.

-   Loop—the Arbitrated Loop described in ANSI FCAL

-   Loop circuit—a bidirectional path that allows communication between    two L_Ports on the same Loop

-   Loop Switch—A switch that switches on FCAL primitives such as ARB,    OPN and CLS. A Loop Switch can include a crossbar Switch, router and    port logic.

-   LPB—Loop Port Bypass Primitive Sequence

-   LPE—Loop Port Bypass Primitive Sequence

-   L_Port—either an FL_Port or an NL_Port as defined in ANSI X3, FCPH

-   LPSM—Loop Port State Machine

-   NL_Port—An N_Port (i.e., Node Port) which contains the Loop Port    State Machine defined in FCAL

-   Open—a procedure used by an L_Port to establish a Loop circuit

-   OPN—Open fibre channel primitive used to open a connection to a    specific device identified by ALPA, see FCAL

-   OS—Ordered Set: A fiber channel primitive, 4 bytes in length

-   POST—Power-On Self Test

-   Primitive Sequence—Three identical consecutive Ordered Sets before    the function conveyed by the Primitive Sequence is performed, see    ANSI FCPH.

-   RAR—Register-Select-Register

-   SOC422—Vixel's Loop Switch on a single ASIC product.

-   SBOD—Switched Bunch Of Disks. A group of FC-AL disks in a single    enclosure connected by a switch.

-   Switching or Segmenting mode—A mode of the Loop Switch that utilizes    the crossbar switch to make simultaneous non-blocking connections to    devices attached to different ports. The connections are created on    OPNs and closed by CLS loop primitives.

-   SEOC—Serial number Exchange On Connect. A protocol used to exchange    serial numbers before connection for Fibre Channel FC-AL    interconnect Devices.

-   Serdes—Serializer/Deserializer

-   Serial ID—A type of GBIC with a serial EEPROM that contains    configuration data.

-   SFP—Small Form Factor transceiver

-   Smart Insertion Algorithms—algorithm that adds choices to when to    determine to declare the port as operational

-   SN—Serial Number

-   Stall—A connection which has been opened in a Loop Switch, but not    used for a period of time

-   Stealth mode—a mode where not all Loop Primitives and/or Fibre    Channel frames are propagated to all devices

-   Stealth LIP isolation—limited the propagation of LIP's to all    devices

-   String Cascade—Cascade connection where each Loop Switch connected    via string is treated as a single logical device on a virtual loop.    An ARBx must circle the entire string cascade chain to win control    and place an OPN on the cascade.

-   Tree Cascade—Cascade connection where each Loop Switch arbitrates    with only the immediately adjacent Loop Switch for control of the    link before placing its OPN on the cascade.

-   Trunking—Using multiple connections between Loop Switches to provide    increased bandwidth

-   USER—A user-defined ordered set    2. Loop Switch Feature Set

The following describes the features of the Loop Switch by discussingthe implementation contained in a Vixel based product, the SOC422.Although the foregoing describes on implementation a Loop Switch it maybe readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light ofthe teachings of this invention that certain changes and modificationsmay be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of thedescribed implementation or invention. It should be noted thatimplementations of the Loop Switch include the Vixel SOC422.

22 port ASIC with internal serdes supporting 1, 2 or 4 Gb/s FibreChannel data rates (number of ports can expand both up and down forhigher and lower port ASIC).

Supports single and multiple cascade connection(s) between hub emulationmode or switching (segmenting) mode Loop Switches without processorassistance. In switching (segmenting) mode, duplicate cascadeconnections support dynamic load balancing with firmware support. Inloop mode, multiple cascade connections are bypassed, only the primarycascade connection is active.

Supports either a parallel processor interface with 16 address, 16 data,RD, WR, CS and Interrupt lines or an I²C interface. These interfacesprovide read and write access to the internal register set.

Optional EEPROM provides configuration information for cascades,duplicate cascades, serdes configuration and port configuration foroperation without a processor.

Can operate in hub emulation mode or switching (segmenting) mode.

Supports cascading of multiple Loop Switch ASICs.

Supports 16 non-overlapping hard zones with LIP isolation in switch modewithout processor assistance.

Supports overlapping hard zones in switching (segmenting) mode.

Supports zone isolation (LIP blocking) in hub emulation mode andswitching (segmenting) mode.

Supports Stealth LIP isolation with overlapping LIP zones acrossmultiple ASIC systems.

Supports in-band Interswitch Frames.

Supports the following port functions:

-   -   Implements Smart Insertion algorithms in hardware    -   Implements OS detection circuitry in each port.

Port LED functionality. In switching mode, each port has a port activityLED.

Programmable replacement of Idles with ARBff or other user specified ARBtypes for EMI emission reduction.

Any port can be configured to passively snoop on any other port, viamanagement. For use by an analyzer to diagnose port and loop operation.

An external loopback path for attached devices to verify link to switchis good.

Provide a bad transmission character count (24 bits) per port.

Provide a CRC error count (8 bits) for each port.

Provide ability to transmit ordered sets to a port before or afterinsertion into loop. While in the loop, ordered sets can be transmitteda programmable number of times or continuously.

Provide a frequency check function utilizing elasticity bufferinserts/deletes.

Support for reading the serial ID from GBICs/SFPs that support I²Cinterface.

Provide port loop utilization counter. Measures % of bandwidth used fordata, or % of time a switching connection is active or requested.

Implements unique fairness scheme (in addition to the FCAL Accessfairness algorithm) to guarantee equal port access for each device.

Provides ability to isolate LIPs on a port basis.

Uses Odd parity to monitor the integrity of the data paths through eachport.

Compares the destination ID in each frame to the destination ALPA in thelast OPN to validate frame routing.

Provides a register interface to monitor system status signals.

Provide a shift register interface to drive the LEDs (to save pins).

An environment monitoring function that accepts input from a temperaturesensor or stuck fan rotor sensors and report the failure in a statusregister as well as drive an LED.

Control of Management Ethernet Activity LED. Takes input from the cardto drive LED.

Controls Loopstate LED to indicate whether loop is up or trying tocomplete initialization.

Provide LED selftest mode after reset, where LEDs are turned on for 2seconds then turned off for 2 seconds and then return to normal mode.

External status bit to indicate presence of management card to controlspecial operating modes.

CPU Port (Fibre Channel MAC, FC2) functions

-   -   Provides processor interface to be able to send and receive        Fibre Channel frames.    -   Ability to perform NL_Port or FL_Port functions to the        arbitrated loop standard.    -   Performs loop initialization as a LIM or not as a LIM to take an        ALPA or several user programmable ALPAs.    -   Implements a buffer to buffer incoming and outgoing frames        before the processor needs to service the FIFO.        3. Functional Overview

The Loop Switch has the ability to operate in different modes. The twobasic modes are hub emulation mode and switching (segmenting) mode. Inaddition, variations on each mode allow Loop Switch to meet a range ofdifferent system requirements.

3.1 Hub Emulation Mode (Shared Bandwidth)

The Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop standard defines a topology thatallows many devices to be connected together in a ring configuration,see FIG. 1. The transmitter of one device is connected to the receiverof another device and so on until the last device's transmitter isconnected back to the first device's receiver.

Of course, the problem with this configuration is that each interconnect20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and each node 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,becomes a single point of failure for the entire loop. If any device orlink fails, all communication stops. This is where the hub is deployed,see FIG. 2. A hub 70 converts the ring topology of an Arbitrated Loopinto a star topology that provides for simpler cable installation.

A hub also provides a mechanism to bypass unused or malfunctioning nodesor interconnects to keep the loop operational. As shown in FIG. 3, Node3 90 has a broken fiber 100 that would normally render the loopinoperable. The hub 120 bypasses the port 112 that has Node 3 connectedto it and maintains an operable loop 112, 101, 102, 103, 113, 104, 106,105, 114, 107, 108, 115, 109, 110 with the remaining devices 91, 92, 93,94, 95, 96.

3.2 Non-Overlapping Hard Zoning (Multiple Loops)

While operating in hub emulation mode, the Loop Switch also has theability to assign each of it ports to one of a number of ‘Zones’. Eachzone represents a unique and isolated loop, with its corresponding127-node address space and separate initialization space. This allowsseveral separate loops to be functioning within a single Loop Switch.With this type of zoning each loop is totally independent and LIPs onone loop do not affect the other loops in any way.

3.3 Switching (Segmenting) Mode

In the switching mode a Loop Switch utilizes a crossbar switch andswitches based on the Fibre Channel arbitrated loop primitives insteadof FC2 frames like fabric switches. Benefits of this type of switchingare that the connected FCAL device does not have to implement FibreChannel fabric services. Implementing Fabric Services adds complexity ofmanagement and interoperability.

The switching mode can be used to interconnect individual nodes, stringsof many nodes, normal loop FC-AL hubs with many nodes attached and canalso be connected to a Fibre Channel switch fabric. Most FC-AL devicescan be attached to the Loop switch without changing drivers, firmware orsoftware and get the benefits of the hub. It shares many of thecharacteristics of both a hub and a switch. When configured to operatein Loop Switch (segmenting) mode, the Loop Switch exhibits some of thefollowing hub-like characteristics:

-   -   Can only be used on an arbitrated loop. It can't be used with        fabric attach (N-Port) only devices.    -   The maximum number of devices that can be attached is 127 per        zone. Unlike a true switch, doesn't provide for extending the        loop address space.    -   The switch-like characteristics of the Loop Switch switching        (segmenting) mode are:    -   Partitions a loop up into multiple loop segments.    -   Because of the loop partitioning, more than one pair of devices        can be communicating simultaneously. Up to 10 pairs of ports can        be communicating simultaneously on a 20 port Loop Switch.    -   Like a switch, each port of the Loop Switch is independent of        the others. The traffic between two nodes is only present on the        Loop Switch ports that service the involved nodes. The traffic        is not sent on any of the other ports or their associated loop        segments. This provides for isolating high bandwidth        conversations and also can be used to isolate long loop segments        from other local traffic.    -   Loop segments can be isolated from each other during loop        initialization. After that point, the Loop Switch can be        configured to block LIPs from spilling over from one loop into        another. This results in less system downtime on        non-initializing loop segments.

When all ports on a Loop Switch are idle, each port is completelyisolated from every other port, see FIG. 5. The Loop Switch 200 listenson each and looks for arbitration activity. If a device arbitrates forthe loop, such as Node 3 201 on port 1 232, the Loop Switch accepts theARBs and simply passes them back out 210 port 1 232 back to Node 3 201.Node 3 201 sees its own ARBs and then sends an OPN (in this case the OPNis for Node 6 207). The Loop Switch 200 will lookup which port thedestination device is on and make the connection through the switchingmatrix 230, 231 and pass the OPN on to the device.

As FIG. 5 shows, a connection exists 230, 231 between Node 3 201 andNode 6 207 via port 1 232 and port 8 233. The remaining ports 234, 235,236, 237, 238, 239 are still idle.

If other nodes attempt to arbitrate and the ports they are on are idle,the Loop Switch provides the requested connections as shown in FIG. 6.FIG. 6 shows two connections made through the switch 283, 282 and 281and 280, using port pairs 3,7 292, 296 and 1,8 290, 297. FIG. 6 alsoillustrates how a destination node that is on the same port as thesource node is handled. On port 5 294, Node 7 255 is communicating withNode 4 254. The Loop Switch 250 simply connects the port 294 to itselfto allow this. In this example note that the ability to have the 3simultaneous conversations means that the total aggregate bandwidth hasbeen increased to 3 times the line rate. Also note that if Node 5 256was a remote tape back-up system 10-km away, only the loop segments onports 3 292 and 7 296 are affected by the long segment. Theconversations occurring on the other ports can operate at much lowerlatencies and higher bandwidths.

In FIG. 5, if Node 5 206 attempted to OPN Node 3 201 while it wasalready connected to Node 6 207, the Loop Switch 200 holds the OPN untilthe destination port is released. If the sourcing node does not getthrough, it is expected that the node aborts the attempt by eitherissuing a CLS or re-initializing the loop. This terminates allconnection requests in the chip.

3.4 Overlapping Hard Zoning (Virtual Loops)

When Loop Switch is configured in switching (segmenting) mode, it hasthe capability to create overlapping hard zones or virtual loops. Thiscapability means that a particular port on the Loop Switch in switching(segmenting) mode can be configured so that access is restricted to anyof the other ports. As an example, this would allow a user to connect 3Microsoft NT servers to 3 ports on the Loop Switch and to connect 3 diskarrays to 3 other ports on the Loop Switch and create associations fromone server to one array while the remaining arrays can be restrictedfrom a particular server. At the same time, a shared tape library couldbe connected to yet another port and the user can allow access to thetape for all the servers. This way the loop can be used as a highbandwidth interconnect from the servers to the disk arrays and also toprovide shared access to the tape.

4. Architectural Description

FIG. 4 shows the high level architecture for the Loop Switch 140. Themajor components include the port logic 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146,147, 148, the router 181, and the switch logic 150. For brevity only an8 port Loop Switch is shown but any number of ports can be supported,e.g., the SOC422 supports 22 ports.

4.1 Port Logic

Some of the blocks that comprise the port logic includes, see FIG. 8:

16/20 bit Encoder 414 and 20/16 Decoder 409

-   -   OS Decode 403, 421    -   Elasticity and Retiming buffer 407    -   OS Generator 401, 418    -   Parity Check Logic 406, 420    -   Main Control Logic 422    -   Frequency Check Logic 451

The port is responsible for monitoring the Fibre Channel link for loopprimitives in which to signal the router. The port control also removesand inserts loop primitives to manipulate the connected looparbitration.

4.2 Router

The loop switch contains a router module, see FIG. 4. The router isconnected to each port module 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158 andconnected to the switch logic 181. The port logic signals the routerwhen certain conditions arise. The signals include a connect requestbased on receiving certain ARB and OPN loop primitives are received, seeFIG. 8, 426, 427, 424, 425.

4.3 Switch Logic

As shown in FIG. 4 the switch logic is connected to each port 160, 161,162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177 andthe router 181. The switch logic implements a full N×N nonblockingcrossbar switch, where N is the number of ports. Vixel has implemented a22×22 crossbar switch for it's SOC422 product but the design is notlimited to 22 ports. As shown in FIG. 8, the data path 428 from the portlogic 400 to the switch 430 and from the switch to the port logic 419are unidirectional buses. Some control signals from the port logic 400to the router and switch logic 430 include the Arbitrate loop primitiveconnect request (arb_connect_req) 427 signal and the OPEN loop primitiveconnect request (opn_connect_req) signal 426. Some control signals fromthe router and switch logic 430 to the port logic 400 include the sourceconnect (src_connect) signal 425 and the destination (dest_connect)signal 424.

4.4 Fibre Channel Port

The SOC422 Loop Switch adds additional functionality as shown in FIG. 7.This includes a Fibre Channel MAC module 302. This module interfaces 317with the switch crossbar switch 301 and acts as a Fibre Channel enddevice, complete with an NL_Port or FL_Port interface. The Fibre ChannelMAC module 302 then interfaces with a CPU device 308 through a memory orparallel interface 310. The CPU 308 then has access to Fibre Channelword decoded frames. The FC MAC 302 performs all 8B/10B encoding anddecoding, implements the FCAL loop port state machine, implementsbuffer-to-buffer management through R_RDY's and other features necessaryin a Fibre Channel end device.

4.5 Internal Serdes

As shown in FIG. 7 the SOC422 Loop Switch also includes internal FibreChannel Serdes, one for each port 303, 304. This allows for a moreintegrated and cost effective solution.

5. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

5.1 Loop Switch Internal Selftest

The Loop Switch has a state machine that is used to execute a selftestof the high-speed data path within the Loop Switch ASIC. The selftest isexecuted after each reset after the serial EEPROM is read or by settingthe RUN_SELFTEST mode in the Router Configuration Register. Note thatduring this testing, the Rx_LOS signal (a GBIC/SFP interface signal) isignored since there may or may not be a GBIC/SFP installed. The statemachine then configures the switch matrix to make a complete loop of allports that are to be tested, enables for which port to test arecontained in the serial EEPROM. The router generates approximately 1 msof IDLE ordered sets to allow the serdes to acquire sync. Next therouter generates a fixed data pattern and sends it into the configuredloop. The state machine compares the returned data on the loop and ifthe data is exactly the same, it indicates that the selftest passed.Note that the Loop Switch ASIC reset sets the Hub Fault State, which inturn causes the Hub Fault LED to be illuminated. If selftest passes, thestate machine clears this state and turns off the LED. A selftestfailure also sets the Hub Fault bit in the Router Status Register #1 andprevents the Loop Switch from inserting any ports into the loop. For thepurpose of debugging, this fault condition can be overridden by writingto the H_Fault override bit in the Router Configuration Register.

The serial EEPROM contains configuration bits for the Loop Switch chip.The port_en bits indicate which ports are to be enabled and included inthe selftest. The data pattern has a recognizable ending characterpattern that is used as an end of selftest flag. Once the Loop Switchpasses the pattern completely through its ports and back out thecascade, it turns off the selftest mode and goes to hub emulation.

Note that the pattern sent, shown in the table below, actually has twosets of patterns. The first is the actual test pattern (words 0-18).This is the pattern that is validated. The second pattern (words 0-21)is only sent if the first pattern is validated.

This pattern has the termination pattern.

Word # OS Type Word Definition 0 MRK K28.5 D31.2 D0.0 D27.7 00, fb 1 ARBff K28.5 D20.4 D31.7 D31.7 2 ARB f0 K28.5 D20.4 D16.7 D16.7 3 ARB efK28.5 D20.4 D15.7 D15.7 4 RRDY K28.5 D21.4 D10.2 D10.2 5 OPN K28.5 D17.4D1.0 D15.7 01, ef 6 CLS K28.5 D5.4 D21.5 D21.5 7 LIP f7, f7 K28.5 D21.0D23.7 D23.7 8 LIP f7, f7 K28.5 D21.0 D23.7 D23.7 9 LIP f7, f7 K28.5D21.0 D23.7 D23.7 10 LIP f8, f7 K28.5 D21.0 D24.7 D23.7 11 LIP f8, f7K28.5 D21.0 D24.7 D23.7 12 LIP f8, f7 K28.5 D21.0 D24.7 D23.7 13 SOFi3K28.5 D21.5 D22.2 D22.2 14 data1 D28.5 D28.5 D28.5 D28.5 15 EOFn K28.5D21.5 D21.6 D21.6 16 SOFi3 K28.5 D21.5 D22.2 D22.2 17 IDLE K28.5 D21.4D21.5 D21.5 18 OLS K28.5 D21.1 D10.4 D21.2 19 OLS K28.5 D21.1 D10.4D21.2 20 OLS K28.5 D21.1 D10.4 D21.2 21 EOFni K28.5 D10.4 D21.6 D21.65.2 Internal Loopback

The Loop Switch also lets the microprocessor control the internalloopback mode via a control bit in the Router Configuration Register.The microprocessor can assert this bit, configure the switch matrix intoa complete loop using the Router Switch Matrix Control Register and thensend test patterns into the configured loop using one of the Port'sTransmit Ordered Set Registers and monitor the detectors on all theother ports.

Note that setting the internal loopback control bit in the RouterConfiguration Resister causes ALL the port's transceivers to be placedin loopback.

5.3 Port Insertion

Port insertion occurs when a GBIC/SFP is inserted in the Loop Switch anda device is connected to the GBIC/SFP, or when loop initializationoccurs on a port that has already been connected. The port validates theincoming data stream, cuts the port's receiver into the loop and thenforces LIPs out to the device and waits for them to propagate around theloop and back to the transmitter. Once a LIP is detected at thetransmitter side of the port, the port is fully cut in and normal loopinitialization is allowed to continue.

5.3.1 Establishing Word Sync

When a port has no GBIC or SFP installed, the port logic does nottransmit anything; i.e. the differential TX outputs are held at a steadystate. If a GBIC or SFP is installed then the port transmits either theinformation present on the internal loop or is sourcing IDLEs. If thechip has been strapped as a Loop Switch and there is a functioning loopin the Loop Switch, then the port transmits that loop data. In the casewhere the Loop Switch is in hub emulation mode or if there is nooperating loop in the Loop Switch, then IDLEs are sent.

Once a signal is detected on the receiver of a port, the port checks onthe incoming data stream to verify that word sync has been acquired.Once word sync is established, the port stops repeating data already onthe loop and begins sending a stream of IDLEs.

5.3.2 Detection of Direct Connection to Vixel Loop Switch

Following word sync, the port logic then looks to see if the attacheddevice is behaving like another Vixel Loop Switch. Normally when aL_Port receives a stream of three or more LIPs, it retransmits at least12 of the same LIPs it received. The L_Port then sends Idle for 15 msand ignores all incoming ordered sets. The DITH algorithm takesadvantage of this to detect direct connections to Vixel Loop Switchesthat support the serial number exchange on connect (SEOC) algorithm.Following word synchronization, the Loop Switch port transmitsLIP(F7,FB) for 10-20 us (2 timer ticks) and the LIPs cause each L_Porton the attached loop to retransmit the same LIPs. Instead of sending outLISM's after the LIPs, a Loop Switch port instead sends out a stream ofARB(FB) ordered sets. If a SEOC-compliant Vixel Loop Switch is notattached to the port that is initializing, the ARB(FB) is not recognizedor retransmitted by an L_Port. If a SEOC-compliant Vixel Loop Switch isattached to the initializing port, then both sides of the connection aresending ARB(FB) at the same time and each port recognizes that bothsides of the connection support the serial number exchange algorithm. Ifa Loop Switch port does not detect ARB(FB) within 8 ms, it assumesanother type of device is attached, skips the SEOC process, andcontinues with normal insertion. If ARB(FB) is detected by the LoopSwitch port within 8 ms it assumes a SEOC-compliant Vixel is attachedand attempts to exchange serial numbers with it.

5.3.3 Serial Number Exchange on Connect (SEOC)

The SEOC exchange is communicated thru 8 proprietary primitive sequenceslabeled SN1, SN2, SN3, SN4, SN5, P_NFO, USER1 and USER2. Following theARB(FB) exchange, the port transmits another short burst of LIP(F7,FB)for 10-20 microseconds. The port then transmits SN1 continuously untilit receives SN1 from the connected port. When a SEOC sequence isreceived, the embedded serial number is loaded into the remote serialnumber, port information and user registers for that port. The payloadbyte, byte 4, of each ordered set is initialized on the transmittingside by registers in the router memory map space with the exception ofthe P_INFO. P_INFO is unique for each port and is thus mapped into portmemory map space. Upon power-up, the P_INFO field is initialized to thecorresponding port number.

Ordered Set Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4 SN1 K28.5 95 FB SN byte 1 SN2K28.5 95 FD SN byte 2 SN3 K28.5 95 EF SN byte 3 SN4 K28.5 95 F0 SN byte4 SN5 K28.5 95 F7 SN byte 5 P_INFO K28.5 95 F8 Port Info USER1 K28.5 95FE User 1 USER2 K28.5 95 FF User 2

The Loop Switch port then transmits another short burst of LIP(F7,FB),followed by continuous SN2 until a SN2 sequence is received. When SN2 isreceived, the embedded serial number byte is again stored in the remoteserial number register for that port. The same process takes place forSN3 through USER2 until all eight bytes have been stored in theappropriate registers for that port. When USER2 has been stored a serialnumber change interrupt is triggered for that port. The microprocessormust then read this serial number, along with the other information andverify whether it is a duplicate address and write a bit to the port'scontrol register to release the chip to complete the insertion. If theport doesn't have another Vixel Loop Switch detected, thismicroprocessor interaction is skipped. After this, the port completesthe cut-in process. If any of the respective SEOC Ordered Sets has notbeen received within 10 ms while the port is waiting for it, the porttimeouts and restarts the insertion process from the beginning. Thecaptured serial number remains stored and valid until a GBIC or SFP isremoved or until loss of signal is detected. When either of these eventsoccurs, the remote serial number, P_INFO and User registers are reset tozero.

P_info Port # P_info Value Port # P_info Value Port # Value 0 00 8 18 1627 1 01 9 1b 17 29 2 02 10 1d 18 2a 3 04 11 1e 19 2b 4 08 12 1f 20 2c 50f 13 23 21 2d 6 10 14 25 7 17 15 265.3.4 SEOC Failure

If the attached device is something other than another Vixel LoopSwitch, the port logic transmits LIP(F7,F7) continuously for 112 ms andattempts to validate a valid stream of LIP(F7,F7) into the receiver. ThePort ignores all LIP(F8)s for the first 15 ms to allow attached devicesto cycle through an AL_TIME. Then the Port monitors for LIP(F8) for 97ms. If LIP(F8) is received, the Port begins the insertion process allover again (detect if a Vixel Loop Switch is attached). This sets theinsert_lipf8_fault bit in the Port Error/Status Change register. If noLIPf8 is received during the 97 ms and if LIP(F7) is received by the endof the 97 ms, the port inserts its receiver into the loop, but continuesto transmit LIP(F7,F7). If LIP(F7) was not received by the end of the 97ms time period, the port starts the insertion process all over and setsthe insert_timeout bit in the Port Error/Status Change register.

The reason the port ignores all LIPs other than LIP(F8) for 112 ms isthat some devices send out a LIP(F8) sequence once every 100 ms. Lookingfor LIP(F8) and ignoring LIP(F7,F7) up to 112 ms allows the port tocorrectly detect a device behaving in this manner without excessivecycling between the active and inactive states. The 112 ms value waschosen to provide coverage for 100 ms with some additional margin.

5.3.5 Completion of Port Insertion

Following either the successful completion of SEOC, or the validation ofa received stream of LIP(F7,F7) if SEOC was not successfully completed,the port scrubs the loop to guarantee that LIP(F7,F7) has propagatedaround the entire loop. The port continuously transmits LIP(F7,F7) andmonitors the input stream to its transmit data path, which is fed by thereceive data stream from the adjacent upstream port, for LIP(F7) to makesure that LIPs have gone all the way around the loop. When LIP(F7) isdetected at the transmitter input, the transmitter side is inserted andthe port starts transmitting normal loop traffic. If LIP(F7,F7)(per.FC-AL) or a sequence of SOF, EOF and IDLES without receiving anyARBs (per FC-AL-2) is not received within 50 ms, then the port insertionis aborted.

5.3.6 Port Insertion Failure

If port insertion fails for any reason it is automatically be retrieduntil it is successful. Certain failure conditions also trigger a resetof the GBIC or SFP by asserting the tx_disable signal. When tx_disableis asserted it remains asserted for approximately 10 ms. The minimumspacing of the tx_disable pulses is 350 ms. The failure conditions thattrigger a tx_disable pulse are:

-   -   SEOC not completed and either a link failure condition was        detected (see note below) or forced bypass is true    -   SEOC ordered sets not receive within 10 □s    -   2.418 second timer expired during scrub loop operation

For the above conditions, a link failure is defined as

-   -   1. tx_fault input detected    -   2. GBIC/SFP unplugged    -   3. loss of signal detected    -   4. loss of word sync detected for 100 ms    -   5. LIP(F8) received    -   6. no comma character received for 100 ms and dis_byp_no_comma        5.4 Port Bypass

An inserted port is bypassed on the occurrence of one of the followingcircumstances:

-   -   Rx_LOS—A port is immediately bypassed when the Rx_LOS signal is        asserted by the GBIC/SFP.    -   tx_fault—A port is immediately bypassed when the tx_fault signal        is asserted by the GBIC/SFP or fixed receiver circuitry.    -   LIPf8—If a port detects received LIPf8s, the port substitutes        LIPf7s for them and forwards 16 of these LIPs onto the loop and        then bypasses the port.    -   Loss of synchronization—If a port loses synchronization for 100        ms, a timeout is triggered and the port is bypassed.    -   Software initiated bypass

Note that when the port is bypassed because of one of these reasons, theport also causes the loop to be reinitialized by sending out 16 LIPs tothe remaining ports before the actual bypass. This of course assumesthat the policy bits have not disabled the LIP on bypass function. Note:Policy bits are described in the Port Operational Policies section'stext.

5.5 Device Discovery

The device discovery process is used to build up an ALPA map table thatdescribes which Loop Switch port each ALPA is attached to. This table isuseful for management software and is required for Loop Switch operation(as opposed to Loop Switch mode). Device discovery is initiated whenevera LIP is detected and full-Loop Switch loop initialization occurs. Atthis time all of the devices are mapped into a single loop and areinitialized together, regardless of whether they are attached to thesame port.

5.5.1 Passive Device Discovery During Full-Loop Switch LoopInitialization

A passive device discovery process is used during full-Loop Switch loopinitialization. Each time a LISM frame passes through the data path inthe router module, the WWN in the payload of the frame is stored inregisters and any previous value is overwritten. The result is that theWWN of the LIM is captured and stored from the end of one loopinitialization cycle until the start of the next cycle. This value isreadable by the microprocessor.

During each phase (LIFA, LIPA, LIHA, LISA) of full-Loop Switch loopinitialization each port usually sees an outbound frame and then aninbound frame of the same type. Each port captures the outbound andinbound frame ALPA bitmaps and then computes the difference between thetwo bitmaps after each phase. The difference for that phase isaccumulated with the differences from the previous phases and storedinto a holding register until the LISA phase is complete. Theaccumulated difference between the inbound and outbound bitmapsrepresents all ALPAs claimed on that port of the Loop Switch during loopinitialization. When the LISA phase is complete, the accumulated ALPAbitmap difference in each port is used to update the ALPA map.

The one special case for calculating the outbound and inbound framebitmap differences is on the loop where the LIM resides. In order toinitially determine the LIM port, each port sets a flag when it receivesan ARB(F0) during loop initialization. The first Loop Switch port to seethe ARB(F0) is identified as the LIM port. The LIM port number is thenstored in the device discovery logic until the next full-Loop Switchloop initialization cycle. Since the LIM originates all loopinitialization frames, the Loop Switch does not see a frame go out ontoa port before the same frame type comes back in. Therefore the outboundbitmap must initially be assumed to be zero on the LIM port when theLIFA frame is first received. The bitmap difference for the LIFA phasewould then be equal to the inbound LIFA frame ALPA bitmap. From thatpoint on, the LIM port calculates its bitmap difference by comparing theinbound LIPA and outbound LISA, inbound LIHA and outbound LIFA, inboundLISA and outbound LIHA frames.

This process identifies all ALPAs claimed except for those located onthe same loop as, but upstream from the LIM device. These devices arereferred to as shadow devices since they are located in the “shadow” ofthe LIM for the purposes of device discovery, and they are resolvedlater in the process. The reason for this is that the LISA framereceived at the LIM never makes it back to the inbound side of the port.Therefore, the final LISA bitmap cannot be captured on the port wherethe LIM resides.

The ALPA map stores 8 bit port assignments for each of the 127 possibleALPA values. When any port detects a LIP sequence, the Loop Switch exitsswitching mode and begins the loop initialization process. At this timeeach entry in the ALPA map is marked with the value 0xE0 to indicatethat the port assignment for each ALPA is unmapped. When a LISA frame isreceived on a given port, that port begins to enter data into the ALPAmap to identify all ALPAs claimed on that port. The port number(0x00-0x1F) for each of the claimed ALPAs is entered into theappropriate locations in the ALPA map. Any unclaimed ALPAs are notresolved at this point and their ALPA map locations retain the unmappedport indicator (0xE0). Valid port values (0x00-0x1F) or the invalidindicator (0xC0) later replace remaining devices with unmapped portvalues either by passive or active means as the shadow device ALPAs areresolved. Note: Ports 0x14-0x1F are possible future implementations andare not currently valid entries.

5.5.2 Shadow Device ALPA Resolution with LILP

If LIRP and LILP are supported for all devices on the Loop Switch, thenthese frames follow the LISA on the loop. If an LILP does appear, itspayload is captured and searched in order to complete the ALPA map. Thestored LILP payload may also be used by management software. As thepayload is searched, all claimed ALPA values that do not have a validport value that was previously entered are marked with the port valuecorresponding to the LIM port. The remaining ALPA map locations that arestill marked with the unmapped port indicator are then marked as invalidALPA values. If LILP is supported, then this action completes devicediscovery and the Loop Switch is allowed to enter switching (segmenting)mode, if selected.

5.5.3 Shadow Device ALPA Resolution without LILP

If LIRP and LILP are not supported for all devices connected to the LoopSwitch, then a CLS follows the LISA frame. This completes the passiveportion of the device discovery process and the Loop Switch is allowedto enter switching mode, if selected. From that point on, ALPA maplocations marked as having unmapped port locations are passivelyresolved only during switching mode operation and only as they areneeded. When an OPN is detected and its destination is an ALPA markedwith as an unmapped port location in the ALPA map, the received OPN isrouted to the LIM port. If the device does not exist then the OPN isreturned back to the LIM port on the Loop Switch and the correspondingdevice position in the ALPA map is marked as an invalid device. If thedevice does exist on the LIM port then an R_RDY or a CLS causes the portto be recorded in the ALPA map as being a valid device on the LIM port.When an OPN is sourced on the LIM port and is also forwarded back to anunmapped device on the LIM port, the port does not have enoughvisibility into the loop protocol to resolve an unmapped ALPA since itcannot detect a reflected OPN. Therefore, this event does not trigger achange in the ALPA map.

Once an ALPA map location is marked as an invalid device, any futureOPNs that are sent to that ALPA are routed back to the sender.Eventually each of the unresolved ALPAs is accessed and determinedeither to be valid and marked with the appropriate port value, orinvalid and marked as having no valid port value.

5.5.4 Device Discovery Errors

One error that is flagged occurs when a single ALPA is claimed onmultiple Loop Switch ports. For that to happen a position in the LIXAframe bitmap would have to be set on one port, cleared on another port,and then set again on a third Loop Switch port. If this condition occursthe corresponding position in the ALPA map is marked as a “knowninvalid” device location, and the port discovery error interrupt isasserted in the router status register. If any accesses are attempted tothis ALPA and an OPN is sent to that location, the Loop Switch routesthe OPN back to the source. If present, the microprocessor can thenforce a LIP out onto the loop to restart the process if desired. If amicroprocessor is not present the device that sent the OPN may thenchoose to reinitialize the loop to clean up this error.

Another error that may occur is that a CRC error may be detected in areceived frame during port discovery. If a CRC error is detected in aLIXA frame the hardware does not complete the device discovery process.The CRC error interrupt is triggered in the port error status register(true for any CRC error) and the map_done status bit is not set in therouter status register. If present, the microprocessor can then force aLIP out onto the loop to restart the process if desired. If amicroprocessor is not present and an OPN is sent to valid, unmappeddevices the OPN is returned back to their source. The device that sentthe OPN may then choose to reinitialize the loop to clean up this error.

5.5.5 Loop Initialization Timeout

To help recover from locked up loop initialization cycles, a 500 msinternal watchdog timer will cause the external pin lip_timeout to golow until a valid LIP is received or the ASIC is reset. External logicis required to reset the ASIC if that function is required.

5.6 Idle Replacement by ARBff

In order to reduce EMI emissions, the port logic in the Loop Switch usesan algorithm to replace IDLEs that are being received with ARBff. Thefrequency content of an IDLE has a very large 531 MHz component. TheARBff spectral content is much broader. The standards committee hasaccepted this change for FC-AL-2. The actual process looks for IDLEs inthe receive symbol stream and forward 6 IDLEs out the transmit port. Ifsubsequent consecutive IDLEs are received, the logic replaces them withthe ARBffs. The ARBff is defined as the lowest priority ARB and isviewed as the same as an Idle. This type of IDLE replacement is onlyperformed once a port has been inserted and has completed loopinitialization. Any time loop initialization is triggered thisreplacement is not allowed until loop initialization has been completed.

(Note: IDLEs may also be replaced by ARBs with ALPA=0xff in order toestablish port fairness for effective switching mode operation. In thiscase no IDLEs are allowed to pass prior to replacement by ARBff. This isa proprietary implementation and is a completely different usage ofARBff than the procedure described in FC-AL-2. Refer to the section thatdescribes port fairness for more details.)

5.7 Switching (Segmenting) Mode Operation

A Loop Switch that has been configured for switching (segmenting) modegoes through the same process as in the hub emulation mode whenever aconfiguration change occurs, including the device discovery phase. Ifthis is completed successfully, the Loop Switch enters switching(segmenting) mode.

If the device discovery process completes successfully and the LoopSwitch is configured in the switching (segmenting) mode, the Loop switchenters switch (segmenting) mode. At this time all ports are disconnectedand IDLEs are being sourced by the port transmitter. When a portreceives an ARB, the port requests a connection by asserting thearb_connect_req signal, see FIG. 8, 427. Router logic 430, FIG. 4 149connects the port to itself, and asserts the src_connect (sourceconnect) 425 and dest_connect (destination connect) 424 signals. TheARBs are forwarded through the switch logic and received by the devicethat originally sourced them. This device then sources an OPN to thedestination device. At this time, the Loop Switch port substitutes ARBfffor each IDLE. As the Loop Switch switches from sending ARBx to ARBff itdoes not allow any IDLEs to pass ahead of the ARBff. The ARBs from theLoop Switch are used to determine when all the devices on the loop havecompleted their conversations and the loop is idle. The default ALPAvalue for this feature is 0xff, but it can be reprogrammed through themicroprocessor.

5.7.1 Source and Destination Nodes on the Same Port

As shown in FIG. 9 a, 9 b, 9 c and 9 d, if the destination device 532 isdownstream from the device sourcing 531 the OPN 521 is on the same port520, the loop tenancy occurs without further intervention. When theconnection is closed 523 and no other port is requesting access, ARBff581 is detected at the port receiver 585 at the completion of the looptenancy. When this occurs, the connection through the switch logic isbroken 582, 583 and IDLEs 580 are again sourced by the port transmitter.The paths 515, 514, 523, 551, 583 and 582 are internal to the LoopSwitch.

As shown in FIG. 10 a, 10 b, 10 c and 10 d, if the destination device604 is upstream from the device sourcing 610 the OPN 613, an OPN isdetected at the port receiver 603. When the OPN is detected, it isstored in a register in the port receiver, the destination ALPA issupplied to the router and the opn_connect_req signal is asserted, seeFIG. 8, 426. The router 430 breaks the port connection FIG. 10 b 650,661 and performs a port lookup of the ALPA provided. Note that therouter must break the port connection—without this the priority logicwould not be enabled which could lead to starvation of port. If the ALPAresides on the same port, the router connects the port to back toitself, asserts the src_connect 425 and dest_connect 424 signalsestablishing a new connection 680. The port receiver sends the OPN tothe switch receive data bus and the loop tenancy begins. Again, the portsubstitutes any IDLE received with an ARBff. When all devices on theloop have completed their conversations, ARBff is detected at the portreceiver. When this occurs, the connection through the switch logic isbroken 701, 702 and IDLEs 700 are again sourced by the port transmitter608.

As discussed above and shown in FIG. 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d, a portis connected to itself during arbitration and when the destinationdevice is on the same port as the source device. In this case, portreceiver logic replaces ARBf0s 682 it detects with ARBff 681. All otherARBs are forwarded to minimize the complexity involved in maintainingfairness on each segment. Due to this, several loop tenancies couldoccur during single connection when a port is connected to itself. Thepaths 600, 661, 650, 680, 701, 702, 720 are internal to the Loop Switch.

FIG. 11 a, 11 b, 11 c, and 11 c, illustrates this case. Node 11 723initially arbitrates, connects and sources an OPN 724 to node 12 725.While node 11 723 is open to node 12 725, node 13 arbitrates. When thetenancy between node 11 and node 12 completes, node 13 receives its ARBand sources an OPN 745 to node 14. The tenancy between node 13 and node14 occurs without any intervention.

All nodes on any port could source one OPN during a single connection.At that point, blocking the ARBf0s at the port receiver insures the loopaccess window is not reset. Provided all nodes are operating “fairly”,this mechanism guarantees that the port connection is broken, allowingaccess by other ports. The paths 720, 730, 740, 750 and 751 are internalto the Loop Switch.

5.7.2 Source and Destination Nodes on the Different Ports

When a connection is established as a result of ARBs being detected atthe port receiver and an OPN is sent to a device that is on a differentport, the OPN is detected at the port receiver.

5.7.2.1 Destination Port not Connected

When the OPN is detected, the port receiver stores the OPN in aninternal register FIG. 12 a, 801, supplies the destination ALPA to therouter, and asserts opn_connect_req signal, FIG. 8 426. The routerbreaks the port connection established when the ARB was passed andperforms a port lookup of the ALPA provided. If the ALPA is on adifferent port 856 than the port sourcing the OPN 855, the routerconnects the source and destination ports 850, 851, asserts thesrc_connect signal, FIG. 8, 425 to the port sourcing the OPN 855 andasserts_the dest_connect signal FIG. 8 424 to the destination port 856.The port receiver logic in this case replaces all ARBs with ARBff. Thisprevents any additional tenancies during this connection. The receipt ofa CLS on both the port receiver and the port transmitter determines theend of this tenancy. When both of these conditions are met, theconnection between the ports is broken. FIG. 12 a, 12 b and 12 cillustrates this scenario. Paths 800, 804, 850, 851, 860, 861 areinternal to the Loop Switch.

5.7.2.2 Destination Port Connected

As illustrated in FIGS. 13 a and 13 b, if a port 900 requests aconnection to a destination port 901 that is already connected 905, portlogic waits for the connection to be established. The node that sourcedthe open may decide to source a close. If this occurs, theopn_connect_req, FIG. 8 426 is deasserted and the port transmitterforwards the close back 915 to the device that sourced the open.

5.7.3 Simultaneous Open Connect Requests

As shown in FIGS. 14 a and 14 b, if port 1 950 requests a connection toport 2 951 at the same time port 2 951 requests a connection to port 1950, a priority scheme is used which insures that all ports are servicedfairly. (This priority scheme is discussed in more detail in the sectionthat describes port fairness.) Once the winning 967 and losing 958requests have been established through the priority comparison, thelosing source port 950 that is to be opened as a destination port sendsa CLS 968 from its port transmitter prior to forwarding the winning OPN.The device that sent the losing OPN must later re-arbitrate and send theOPN again in order to complete its transfer. The paths 953, 952, 957,956, 968, 967 are internal to the Loop Switch.

In the general case where both the highest priority source loop and itsdestination loop both have an OPN request being generated, the lowerpriority port always receives a CLS. However, if a lower priority porthas an OPN request asserted and does not need to be closed to servicethe highest priority OPN request from another port, the lower priorityport remains opened until its OPN request is serviced at a later time.

5.7.4 OPN Sent to Non-Existent Device

If an OPN is sent out from a destination port on the Loop Switch and isreturned back to the Loop Switch destination port, the OPN is sent backout from the source port so that the source device can detect the errorand respond appropriately. This condition may occur when access isattempted to invalid devices that have not yet been identified as suchin the ALPA map. When this condition occurs Loop Switch disconnects theconnected ports when a CLS is sent around the loop.

5.7.5 R RDYs Following OPNs

When an OPN is detected at the port receiver, in addition to saving theopen in an internal register, the port receiver must count any R_RDYsthat are detected but not forwarded. Up to 255 R_RDYs can be counted,stored, and later resent. When a connection is provided, the portreceiver must send the R_RDYS after the OPN is sent. This isaccomplished by replacing every third fill word after the OPN with anR_RDY and decrementing the R_RDY counter. This continues until thecounter is 0. Note that the R_RDY forwarding has to tolerate a framearriving before they are all sent. In this case, the remaining R_RDYsare sent after the frame is forwarded.

Careful consideration has been taken to guarantee that at least two fillwords are sent before and after each R_RDY. This is difficult sinceframes can arrive at the output of the elasticity FIFO at any time.Therefore, the R_RDY retransmit logic is spread across the correspondingreceive and transmit data paths to guarantee sufficient lookaheadcapability to meet the ordered set spacing requirement. Initially, asR_RDYs are counted and stored, the first R_RDYs to be resent are sentout of the counter. Once the counter has been fully decremented and allof the buffered R_RDYs have been sent out, all further R_RDYs are simplypassed through without being buffered in the counter. From then on, theR_RDY source port is responsible for guaranteeing the minimum orderedset spacing.

5.7.6 Node Failure

Port logic always monitors the port receiver for LIPf8s, refer to FIG.15 a, 15 b, 15 c and 15 d. Router logic, FIG. 4, 149 always monitors thelip_received signal from the ports 151, 152, 153, 154, 15, 156, 157,158. If a port detects this primitive, the port receiver FIG. 15, 1554,1547 replaces the LIPf8 1504, 1524 with LIPf7 1502, 1523. When therouter logic detects the assertion of the lip_received signal 151, 152,153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, it reconnects all active ports to theInitialize State—non-switched mode (note that this can happen in themiddle of a frame or multiple frames and these are lost). When the porthas forwarded 16 LIPs, it deasserts its port active signal. The routerFIG. 4, 149 then instructs 181 the switch matrix 150 to bypass the port.The loop then reinitializes without the port with the node sourcing theLIPf8s present.

The port logic also sources LIPf7s 1503, 1525, 1543, at the porttransmitter 1553 and continues to monitor the port receiver 1554. If theport receives LIPf7, the node that originally sourced the LIPf8 is nowfunctional. The port then asserts its port active signal. The port isinserted back into the loop at this point. The port transmittercontinues to source LIPf7 until it receives LIPf7 at the porttransmitter. On receipt of LIPf7 at the port transmitter, the node stopssourcing LIPf7 at its port transmitter which allows initialization tocomplete.

5.7.7 Microprocessor Assisted Operation

The Loop Switch is designed to provide either hub emulation or switching(segmenting) operation without the assistance of a microprocessor, witha few exceptions. These exceptions are detailed below.

One type of processor interaction with Loop Switch might be neededduring the device discovery phase. If discovery fails for any reason,Loop Switch signals the error in a status register and themicroprocessor can read the cause for the error. At that time, theprocessor could force a re-initialization to try and recover from theerror. This process is not required, but it might be useful to get LoopSwitch to an improved performance level if these errors were common.

The processor can also be used together with the embedded Fibre ChannelMAC to manually enter switching (segmenting) mode. In order to do this,the following steps must be taken. The port discovery disable bit in therouter must be set in order to bypass the normal port discovery process.After each loop initialization cycle, which would be detected withinterrupts in each port module to indicate that the loop has gone downand come back up again, the processor would assist in performing devicediscovery through the FC MAC. The processor would initialize the usermatch bits inside each port to detect the first OPN to be sent and thensend out the OPN and see which of the ports actually see the OPN as itpasses around the loop. When the OPN is not passed on from one port tothe next, it is assumed that the device targeted by the OPN resides onthe port just after the last port that saw the OPN. The processor thenproceeds to step through all OPN values in the same way and determinethe information it needs to write into the ALPA map. Following theprocessor device discovery, it then must set the ARB blocking bit in therouter. This holds off all loop traffic once any existing loop tenancieshave been completed and allows a smooth transition into switching mode.The processor then loads the ALPA map with port values for each of theALPAs. Next, the processor sets a bit in the router to force Loop Switchinto switching mode, and then resets the ARB blocking bit, also in therouter. Resetting the ARB blocking bit completes the manual entry intoswitching mode and allows normal traffic to resume.

5.8 Cascading

Cascading refers to interconnecting Loop Switches together. In thefollowing sections the Loop Switches are contained in root switches, seeFIG. 16 b 919 and FIG. 16 c 944 and SBODS, see FIG. 16 a 1906, 1908,1910, 1912, FIG. 16 b, 1924, 1926, 1928, 1930 and FIG. 16 c, 1950, 1947.One implementation of a root switch is with a Loop Switch ASIC on aprinted circuit board with a microprocessor and support logic, a powersupply, all within a single chassis. This is a Loop Switch contained ina stand-alone switch box. Another deployment of Loop Switches is withina hard disk drive storage enclosure, i.e., a JBOD. When the Loop Switchis contained on a printer circuit board and plugged into the backplaneor mid-plane of a hard disk drive storage enclosure it becomes aswitched bunch of disks or SBOD. Each disk is directly connected to theLoop Switch.

5.8.1 Single Cascade

5.8.1.1 Hub Emulation Mode

In order to provide additional connectivity, two Loop Switches may becascaded in hub emulation mode. No special considerations need to bemade for a single Loop Switch to Loop Switch hub emulation cascade.

5.8.1.2 Switching (Segmenting) Mode

When a Loop Switch is cascaded in switching mode, there are specialconsiderations that are needed to guarantee correct operation. If onecascaded Loop Switch is operating in the switching mode and the other isoperating in the hub emulation mode then the IDLE replacement with ARBffscheme used to detect a busy loop can be used as previously describedand there are no operational issues. The Loop Switch in switching modecan blindly send OPNs to destination loops without arbitrating since theport determines through sending and receiving ARBff if the loop is busy.But when two Loop Switches in switching mode are cascaded, both of theconnected Loop Switch ports would send and receive ARBff and could thensend OPNs at any time under the normal (non-cascade) rules of operation.If both sides were to send OPN at approximately the same time, then aconflict would occur since both sides of the connection would assumefull control over the cascade loop connection. In order to avoid thiscontention, cascaded ports on Loop Switches must behave differently thannon-cascaded Loop Switch ports.

When two Loop Switches in switching mode are cascaded, one of two typesof cascade arbitration configuration must be set up: tree cascade, FIG.16 b or string cascade, FIG. 16 a. There are additional deployments ofLoop Switches that combine the tree and string cascade configurations.One of these deployments is a tree of strings cascade, see FIG. 16 c.

A tree cascade interconnects Loop Switches 1919, 1924, 1926, 1928, 1930using one in a central or root position, 1919 and the rest to ports onthat root switch 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923. In a tree cascade, both portson the cascade connection 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923 do not rely on theARBff propagation characteristics to determine if a port is busy.Instead, they actively arbitrate for the loop between the cascaded ports1920, 1921, 1922, 1923 and determine a winner before sending an OPN tothe other side, for example 1917, 1918. The ARBx ALPA value sent out onthe cascade port is the same ALPA value as the one received in the ARBxback at the port where the OPN was sourced. The cascade port arbitratesaccording to the normal rules of FC-AL loop protocol. However, thestandard ARB(f0) arbitration fairness scheme (FCAL Access FairnessAlgorithm) does not apply to this situation. The reason for this is thatthe arbitration loser has to be disconnected to yield access to thewinning side. Therefore, the loser does not continue to arbitrate andcannot gain access until the winning connection is removed. At thatpoint, the next winner is determined by two factors: (1) time of arrivalof arbitration request, and (2) priority of the source ALPA value. Thisarbitration occurs only between two directly connected Loop Switches1920, 1921, 1922, 1923 and has no effect on Loop Switches on either sideof the two Loop Switches arbitrating for the cascade.

In a string cascade, FIG. 16 a, each Loop Switch 1906, 1908, 1910, 1912is treated as a logical device on a virtual loop. Arbitration must wincontrol of the entire string of Loop Switches 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905 togain control of the cascade. The arbitration winner is determined solelyby the priority of the source ALPA as in a standard arbitrated loop. Togain control of the string cascade, a Loop Switch places the ARBx ALPAof a device requesting access on the string cascade loop and waits forthe ARBx ALPA to be received back. If a higher priority ALPA is receivedbefore the Loop Switch receives it's own ALPA, the Loop Switch forwardson the higher priority ARBx ALPA. A lower priority ARBx ALPA or an ARBxALPA received after the Loop Switch receives it's own ARB is blocked asin a standard loop. Once a Loop Switch determines it has won control ofthe cascade string loop, it then places it's OPN on the loop and makesthe desired connection. Once the connection is closed down, the LoopSwitch sends an ARB(f0) around the loop to indicate the loop is free. Ifthe originating Loop Switch receives the ARB(f0) back, it determines theloop is free and sends IDLEs around the loop. If the loop is not free,the Loop Switch forwards on the received ARBx ALPA ordered set. EachLoop Switch has only one turn on the loop per IDLE reset period toensure Loop Switch fairness.

Both of these approaches support the Fibre Channel loop protocol and anynon-Vixel Loop Switch connected to a “cascaded” port behaves as a normaldevice in the manner it uses to gain control of the destination loop.This allows the Loop Switch to interoperate with non-Vixel devicesattached to cascade ports.

5.8.2 Duplicate Cascades—Trunking

5.8.2.1 Hub Emulation Mode

In hub emulation mode, if two identical remote serial numbers arecaptured on two different ports then the lower numbered device isdesignated as the master and the other is the slave. The master LoopSwitch in hub emulation mode assigns one cascade port to be the primarycascade by writing a bit in the port control registers. The remainingcascade ports on the master Loop Switch in hub emulation mode are markedas duplicates in the port control registers. Each port designated as aduplicate port is bypassed. This guarantees that if a duplicate port ona Loop Switch in hub emulation mode is connected to a port on a LoopSwitch in switching mode, the switching mode Loop Switch does not try touse the connection. This is required since simultaneous activation ofduplicate cascade ports on Loop Switches in hub emulation mode resultsin an invalid loop topology.

5.8.2.2 Switching (Segmenting) Mode (Trunking)

Multiple duplicate cascades between Loop Switches in switching mode areused to increase throughput between adjacent Loop Switches and can besimultaneously activated without creating an invalid loop topology. Loadbalancing between the cascades on an initiator basis is supported, seeFIG. 27. In a system with two initiators and a primary/duplicate cascadepair each initiator can have a logical cascade chain dedicated to itproviding approximately 2× the throughput of a single cascade system.For example as shown in FIG. 27 HBA1 1801 has a full bandwidth path1813, 1829, 1831 thru the string of SBODs 1803, 1804, 1805. InitiatorHBA2 1802 also has a full bandwidth path 1814, 1830, 1832 thru thestring of SBODs 1803, 1804, 1805. Simultaneous communication betweenHBA1 and a disk in an SBOD and HBA2 and a disk in an SBOD can occur. Forexample, HBA1 can communicate with Disk 1 1817 in SBOD 1803 using thepath 1813, 1817 at the same time HBA2 1802 can communicate with Disk 161819 in SBOD 1803 using the path 1814, 1819. The number of duplicatecascades in a trunk is not limited by the hardware. A trunk group couldbe defined as 21 trunks in a 22 port ASIC if so desired (1 port must notbe assigned to the trunk to provide the other side of the connection).If more initiators than cascades are added, throughput is affected basedon the relative traffic assigned to each trunk within a group.

5.8.2.3 Initiator Detection

State machines inside the Loop Switch ASIC determine which initiatorsALPAs are present on the loop by monitoring any Fibre Channel frame suchas Port Login (PLOGI), SCSI FCP or PRLI frames based on the setting of abit in the Router Control Register. A state machine resides in each portto allow for the detection of simultaneous Response Frames. Logic in therouter core of the Loop Switch then collects the initiator ALPAs andstores them in a table in the router. This table has a bit assigned foreach ALPA and a ‘1’ indicates that ALPA has been identified as aninitiator. The table format is identical to the ALPA mapping in LixA(LixA=LISA, LIHA, LIFA, etc.) frames.

Hardware initiator detection can be disabled globally via a disable bitin the Router Control Register or individually by the Software Overrideof Initiators Registers located in the Router Registers. The SoftwareOverride bits are XOR'ed with the Hardware Detected Initiator Bits thusallowing the inclusion of initiators that weren't detected for somereason or the exclusion of initiators that were detected.

5.8.2.4 Initiator Load Balancing

With the initiator ALPA table in the router, the microprocessor has allthe information it requires to load balance the initiators across thegroups of trunks connected to the Loop Switch. The software determineswhich initiators this Loop Switch controls as the load-balancing masterby cross-referencing three pieces of information. The informationincludes 1) the initiators in the system, 2) which port each ALPAresides on and 3) which ports are primary and duplicate cascades and howthey are grouped together. Any initiator that is located on a port thatis not part of a trunk group is determined to belong to this Loop Switchfor purposes of load balancing. Additionally, if an initiator isdetected on one trunk group, the software must assign that initiator toany other trunk groups on that Loop Switch. If cascade ports are strungtogether however, the hardware automatically follows the string path.

Once the software has determined the initiators it needs to control forload balancing, it initializes the Trunk Grouping table located in theRouter registers. Each initiator should have one entry in the TrunkGrouping for each set of Primary/Duplicate(s) Cascades. Assuming adesired configuration and traffic flow, see FIG. 17, the Trunk Groupingswould be as follows:

Initiator's Loop Switch Trunkset Primary Port Assigned Trunk Port ALPA A1002 7 1003 7 01 A 7 8 02 A 7 7 04 A 7 8 17 A 11 1018 11 01 A 11 12 101702 A 11 11 04 A 11 12 17 A 7 1003 7 08 E 1012 5 1014 6 1013 08 1011

Loop Switch A 1002 has assigned all the local initiators 1000, 1001,1020, 1021 to specific trunks. The initiator that comes in on the treecascade group associated with port 11 1018 is also assigned to a trunkon the cascade group associated with port 7 1003. Loop Switch E 1012 hasone local initiator 1011 that it is the master of and must assign.

Loop Switches B 1005, C 1016, D 1010 are not masters and will auto-learnwhich trunk to send each connection based on the path the previous OPNfrom each initiator reached the Loop Switch. Alternatively, theconnections may be learned from the source and destination ID withineach frame. For this example, it is assumed that Loop Switches B 1005and C 1016 have string associations connecting the primary 1018, 1003and secondary trunks 1004, 1017 and the connections will then follow thestring as transactions pass through the Loop Switches. If the cascadeconnections in Loop Switches B 1005 and C 1016 are not defined asstrings, initiators would have to be assigned to the cascade trunks1003, 1004, 1006, 1007, 1018, 1019, 1014, 1013 to maintain the desiredload balancing. In Loop Switch B 1005, ALPAs 01, 04 and 08 1023 wouldhave to be assigned to port 7 and ALPAs 02 and 17 1024 would be assignedto port 8. Likewise, in Loop Switch C, ALPAs 01 and 04 1022 would beassigned to port 11 1018 and ALPAs 02, 17 and 08 1019 would be assignedto port 12 1017.

If one of the initiator's ALPA's is not loaded into the Trunk GroupingTable in the Router Register map, that initiator's traffic defaults tothe primary port 1003, 1006, 1014, 1018. To extend the trunk assignmentof initiators to support more initiators that can be held in the table,omit entries that assign an initiator to a primary port.

To minimize the possibility of lockup cases where OPNs between the same2 devices pass on different trunks two rules override the trunkassignments that are either explicity set in the Grouping Table orlearned by monitoring OPNs from initiators.

-   -   1. Initiator-to-initiator traffic always goes on the primary        trunk.    -   2. Half-duplex traffic always goes on the primary trunk.        5.8.3 Target Load Balancing

In a single initiator system, the software initiator override table andthe rule that initiator-to-initiator traffic always goes on the primarylink provides a mechanism to define a basic target load-balancingmechanism for a 2 trunk cascade connection. All “true” initiator trafficis assigned to the duplicate cascade and half of the targets are definedas initiators. In this case traffic will be split between the twotrunks. All traffic between the “true” initiator and software assignedinitiators will be on the primary link. All other traffic will be on theduplicate link.

5.9 Port Fairness

The Arbitrated Loop specification has an algorithm for loop fairnesscalled the Access Fairness Algorithm. As is well known in the FC_AL art(see Robert W. Kembel Arbitrated Loop 1997 Connectivity Solutions) adevice is required to arbitrate for the loop before sending an open(OPN) request. After the arbitration (ARB) cycle has gone around theloop and the device has won access to the loop, the device is then notallowed to arbitrate again until an idle (IDLE) is received. The winningport replaces any ARB (x) it receives from another port trying to winthe loop with the fill word ARB (F0). If the winning port receives itsown ARB (F0) back then the winning port knows that no other port isARBing for the loop. In this case the winning port sends around the fillword IDLE. This fill word, when received by the other ports on the loopallows those ports to set their access capability to TRUE. This, inturn, permits a port that was earlier prohibited from access to the loopbecause other lower priority ports had not had their turn yet, to againarbitrate for control of the loop. If, on the other hand, there areother pending devices that desire access to the loop while the winningport is controlling the loop and sending out the ARB (F0) fill word thenthese ports discard the ARB (F0) and substitute their own port address.The controlling port now sees an ARB (y) returning and doesn't send thereset IDLE word but instead continues to send the ARB (F0) around. Whenthe controlling port is finished with the loop it then allows the ARB(y) for the highest priority pending port to pass and when the “y” portwhen it receives its ARB (y) back it can now take control of the loop.

5.9.1 Single Loop Switch Fairness

As discussed in the section describing switching or segmentingoperation, IDLEs are replaced by ARBff for the purpose of establishingport fairness at the loop level. But this differs from the standardizedcase of ARBff replacement in that three IDLEs are not allowed to passprior to the ARBff substitution. The idle blocking at the Loop Switchport guarantees that each node device on a loop has had a chance to gaincontrol of that loop and the access window is not reset immediately. TheLoop Switch first allows another port to connect to the previously busyport before a device on the busy port can initiate another connectionthrough the router. The idle blocking operation can be modified througha register write to the blocking ALPA register so that an ALPA otherthan 0xFF is used in case there are any interoperability issuesassociated with using ARBff.

If a fixed priority scheme that assigned fixed priority values to eachport were used to determine which OPN requests were serviced first, thelower priority Loop Switch ports could suffer from degraded throughputand might eventually starve for data. To observe this condition,consider the case where 3 ports (port 1, port 2, and port 3) arecontinually accessing a fourth port (port 4). Ports 1 and 2, havinghigher priority than port 3, could alternately gain access to port 4while preventing port 3 from ever acquiring access. To prevent this, anordered list of port access is maintained. This list is used todetermine access priority when requests are made from multiple ports todetermine what port to service first. Whenever a port is granted aconnection due to the receipt of an OPN, it is moved to the bottom ofthe list and the lower priority ports are moved up toward the top of thelist. If two ports are trying to access each other, the port with thelower priority is sent a CLS, allowing the port with higher priority tomake a connection.

5.9.2 Multiple Loop Switch System Impacts on Fairness

The rotating priority scheme described in the paragraph above isreasonably sufficient for a single Loop Switch system but may notprovide adequate fairness for multiple Loop Switch systems. MultipleLoop Switch systems are interconnected by configuring ports as either a“tree”, FIG. 16 b or “string”, FIG. 16 a cascade. If a port configuredas a cascade port has a pending request that collides with a pendingrequest from a port configured as a device, the first-come, first-servedrotating priority may not be the best solution for system performance. Apending OPN request from a cascade port implies that at least two LoopSwitches are already involved in the connection. Allowing a pending OPNfrom a locally connected device to close down a connection that hasalready propagated through several Loop Switches would adversely affectsystem performance.

Optionally, a second layer may be added to the fairness mechanism. Thislayer improves system performance as compared to the true rotatingpriority system. A port-type based priority system that takes precedencewhen differently configured ports have pending access collisions wasimplemented. Since a “string” cascade implies multiple Loop Switchesconnected together and a “tree” cascade implies only two Loop Switchesinterconnected the priority, based on port type, is set as shown below:

String cascade Highest Priority Tree cascade 2^(nd) Highest PriorityDevice Port Lowest Priority

If two ports of the same type have an access request collision, therotating priority scheme allows the first connection request received toproceed, closing down the request that came second.

5.9.2.1 Fairness in a String Cascade

A “virtual” Arbitrated Loop, consisting of only the switchesinterconnected with “string cascades”, arbitrates to determine whichswitch wins control of the interconnection and allows its device with apending open request access to the inter-switch cascade loop. Eachswitch in the cascade string follows the Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loopstandard for arbitration and device fairness to gain control of thevirtual loop. Previous methods for determining device access acrossinter-switch cascades utilized a combination of first-come, first-servedand ALPA priority to determine access to an available cascade. Thismechanism did not ensure fairness in a large system resulting in deviceopen close (OPN-CLS) cycle thrashing due to collisions during thefirst-come, first-served portion of the access resolution as well asallowing the higher priority ALPA devices to starve the lower priorityALPA devices. The challenge with connecting multiple switches together,in a non-fabric switching manner is to ensure each device on all theswitches in the cascade have equal access.

Fibre Channel implementations using a single Loop Switch treats eachport of the switch, if containing multiple devices, as a separate loop.This does not present a problem for the single Loop switch because theswitch has the knowledge, kept in an internal register, of which porthad the last access to a different switch port and which port is next inline for access, thereby enforcing its own fairness scheme. On the otherhand when multiple switches are connected in a cascade, each switch isunaware of what is happening in the other switches. Since the devicesare spread out among different switch loops the traditional ArbitratedLoop Access Fairness Algorithm no longer works as originally designed.The present invention solves this problem by treating each switch, whencascaded together in a string of switches, as a single device on asingle arbitrated loop. Therefore there is a “virtual” loop ofinterconnected Loop Switches. Each Loop Switch will, in turn, get itschance to communicate similar to the chance each device received whenpart of a standard Fibre Channel arbitrated loop. The priority logic ofeach individual switch's cascade string port (the port connecting theindividual switches into a cascade of switches) ensures that each deviceassociated with that switch has its own turn. A host bus adapter (HBA)is the interface between a server or workstation bus and a Fibre Channelnetwork. An HBA, along with the switches, can be on the interconnectedswitch loop. However the HBA is treated as just another switch when itcomes to achieving priority over the cascade loop. Therefore a cascadestring of three switches, one switch having an associated HBA connectedto it, means that four entities will be arbitrating for the loop.

In the preferred embodiment any port on the switch may be configured toact as a string cascade port. A logical connection is made between theports in a single switch when the switches are configured in the“cascade string” mode. This logical connection allows the ARB to bepassed through one port of a particular to another string port on thatswitch and then through the physical connection between the switches inthe string. An example is shown in FIG. 28. As may be seen the Switch 12014 has the HBA 2012 attached to string cascade Port 1 2024 and alogical cascade connection is made to string cascade Port 2 2026. Inaddition to these connections there are external memory storage devices2020 attached to Port 3 2008 and Port 4 2019 of this switch. Ports 1 and2 are configured to be cascade string ports. This connects the HBA to avirtual switch loop that connects the switches together. On Switch 22016 the cascade string ports are also configured to be ports 1 2028 and2 2027 and again external memory storage devices 2021 and 2022 areattached to Ports 3 and 4. This repeats until the last switch isreached, this switch only needs one cascade string port since there areno switches after Switch 3 2018 that need to be connected to the cascadeloop.

In the FIG. 28 configuration, the HBA 2012 wants to send an OPN to anArbitrated Loop device located on the last switch 2018 in the cascadeloop. The HBA will first send an ARB message requesting ownership of theswitch loop. Since the HBA is located on the cascade string of theswitch (remember Ports 1 and 2 are the cascade string ports) the ARBwill travel through each switch's ports that are in the cascade string.The ARB begins to be transmitted out of Port 2 2026 on Switch 1 2014 andtravels to Port 1 2028 of Switch 2 2016. The ARB is then routed to Port2 2027 of Switch 2 2016 and continues on to Port 1 2023 of Switch 32018. This is repeated with any following switch until the last switchreceives the ARB on its Port 1. The last switch then returns the ARB outof the same port (because it is the last switch, it uses the same portfor receiving and sending signals). The ARB then returns back to theinitiating HBA through each switch's cascade string ports. Once the HBAreceives the ARB back, it sends its open (OPN) signal. The OPN will thentravel to the correct switch based on the destination address associatedwith the OPN signal. When the correct switch is reached the signaltravels through the Crosspoint Switching module and into the correctswitch device port. When there are multiple pending OPN's (on differentswitches) requesting access to the cascaded string loop, their access iscontrolled by the traditional Arbitrated Loop fairness algorithm. Theloop of switches act similarly to a loop of devices in the standardArbitrated Loop protocol. Each switch that has a pending OPN request cantransmit an ARB into the cascade loop string. When an ARB comes to aport that also has an ARB pending then the highest priority (the usualcase is that the highest priority belongs to the lowest address) ARB ispassed along and the lower priority ARB is blocked. This ensures thatthere is only one winner among the ARB requests. Once the higherpriority ARB is finished and the appropriate device has delivered itsdata to the appropriate address, that winning device then sends a closesignal (CLS) and it is not allowed to ARB again until a system idle hasbeen communicated. A system idle is only communicated when each switchwith a device requesting a connection has had a chance on the virtualswitch loop. The system idle then resets the access window of all theswitches whereupon the cycle starts over. Therefore the other pendingdevices, which might normally lose another ARB contest with the loweraddressed (therefore higher priority) port, are allowed to have a turn.It is important to note that once a device wins control of the virtualcascade switch loop, that device's OPN command cannot be overriddenexcept by its own request, or when it has received the CLS from thedevice that was addressed.

Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 29. Thisshows a tree of cascade loop strings. The top Loop Switch 1 2114 Port 12144 has the HBA 2112 on it. The other Loop Switch 1 2114 ports 2 2142and 4 2136, each have a serial pair of switches connected to them, LoopSwitch 2 2116 and Loop Switch 4 2138. The ports are configured ascascade ports, designated as tree cascade ports. Loop Switch 4 2138 andLoop Switch 5 2140 are shown cascading down from Port 4 2136 of Switch 12114 have their own cascade string loop 2146 connecting them together.The situation that can occur with this configuration is that when an OPNis received by Switch 1 Port 4 and has a destination of Switch 1 Port 1(Port 4 won the arbitration) and then a second OPN is received by Port 1from the HBA and it has a destination of Port 2; then Port 1 afterARBing for the cascade string could be closed by the Port 4 OPN. This isthe correct operation because the OPN from Port 4 has priority over PortI's operation but what occurs is that Port 1 was ARBing for the leftside of the cascade string and is now closed down so that the Port 1 ARBis left out on the loop. The ARB will now circle the loop and will causeproblems if not dealt with. A solution for this situation is to have atimeout period to allow the ARB to propagate around the loop until theend of that period and be scrubbed off by Port 2. The timeout period isset in a register and its preferred default is 30-40 μsec.

FIG. 30 shows when the cascade loop is not needed the connected switchescan act individually when the only communication needed is intra-switch(within the same switch). Here the server 2210 using the HBA 2212 issending and receiving data through a connection 2244 to the storagedevice 2242 while simultaneously Switch 2 2216 has connected 2246 thedevices on Ports 5 and 6.

FIG. 31 shows how it is possible to connect another workstation server2350 to a cascade loop switch 2318. In this configuration the HBA 2350uses the same protocol as any other Arbitrated Loop device attached tothe Loop Switch. Note that it would also be possible to attach the HBAdirectly to the cascade loop, using the cascade loop arbitrationprotocol previously discussed to obtain control of the loop.

FIG. 32 shows the actual connectivity method used in the cascade loop.Every port is comprised of a receive module 2408A and a transmit module2408B. When the cascade loop is in the idle mode the cascade loopcomprises the receive module 2424 of Port 1 logically connected to thetransmit module 2426 of Port 2 2430 and down through all three switches2424, 2416, 2418. The interswitch connection between the switches is aphysical connection. Note that Loop Switch 3 2418 port 1 2434 isconnected to itself 2436. The communication loop then travels back upthe string, as shown, eventually ending back up to the HBA 2412.

FIG. 33 shows the HBA 2512 connected to the Fibre Channel Hard Diskdevice 2521 on Loop Switch 2 2516. In the preferred mode the cascadeloop still travels the entire chain of switches (note the data travelingthrough Loop Switch 3 port 1 2523 before reaching the Switch 2 2516 port2 2527 receiving module whereupon the data is transported through theCrosspoint Switching module to the Fibre Channel Hard Disk device 2521.

FIG. 34 shows a similar scenario with the HBA 2612 this timecommunicating with a storage device 2622 connected to port 2 2614 onLoop Switch 3 2618 in the Loop Switch cascade 2614, 2616, 2618.Obviously there can be more than three switches connected into a cascadeloop or tree cascade loop. The only limitation is that there be amaximum of 126 addressable devices on the cascade string.

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a Loop Switch with its main components.The switch core 150 is comprised of the Crosspoint Switching module thatactually makes the logical connections to the correct associated ports,the Router 149 maintains the addresses of the devices wishing to connectto the cascade loop and contains the ALPA filter that strips the addressof the source device from the OPN request and uses that address for thecascade loop arbitration request. The open request could be in ahalf-duplex operational mode in which no source information is present.In this case the AL-PA used for arbitration is the last ARB addressreceived before the current OPN request. If the OPN request has adestination address for a device on the same switch as the source devicethen the Crosspoint Switching module connects the ports that the devicesreside on. If the OPN request has a destination address on a differentswitch than the one on which the requesting device resides then theswitch router logs in the source device address and ARBs for the loop.FIG. 35 is a flowchart showing the process an HBA uses to ARB for thecascade loop. The HBA sources an ARB to its associated switch port 2863.The port connects its transmit and receive ports together returning theARB to the HBA. The HBA upon receipt of its own ARB has then won accessand sources an OPN 2865 to its associated port. That port then sends theOPN to the switch core where it is processed. If the switch routerdetermines that the destination address is on a different switch therouter then checks the switch access status 2866. If the switch hasaccess to the cascade loop it will then place the ARB on that loop 2872.If the switch doesn't yet have access to the cascade loop then theswitch will place the OPN request in a FIFO queue 2868 and wait foraccess to become available. When access does become available the switchwill place the ARB onto the cascade loop 2872. If the HBA's ARB has thehighest priority of any ARB also on the loop at the same time then theHBA's ARB will win control of the loop and the switch that the HBA is onwill source an OPN and connect the HBA to the cascade loop. The OPN willtravel the loop until it comes to the switch containing the device withthe destination address. That switch will then use its CrosspointSwitching module to connect the cascade loop to the destination device2878.

5.9.3 Repetitive Closure Impacts on Fairness

Despite the mechanisms previously described in the sections on cascadesand fairness, a system may still get into a pattern of access collisionswhere a particular device is repeatedly closed down. A simpleillustration of this condition is shown in FIG. 18.

FIG. 18 shows a single HBA 1100 attached to an Loop Switch 1102 that hasa loop of 6 disks 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110 attached to a port1103. If all the disks have requests pending simultaneously, the 6-diskJBOD 1104 will present ALPA A3 1105 to the Loop Switch port as it hashighest priority and won the arbitrated loop within the JBOD. However,if the HBA 1100 access request to the JBOD 1104 arrived at the LoopSwitch first, the rotating priority will send a CLS to the JBOD 1104 toallow the HBA 1100 access. Since disk A3 1105 was closed down, it cannotrequest another access until an IDLE has reset the fairness window onthe JBOD 1104. After all the disks have been either serviced or closeddown by the HBA 1100, an IDLE will be circulated on the JBOD and A3, aswell as any other pending disks, can request access again. Again theHBA's request is pending prior to the request from disk A3 and it isclosed down, loosing its access slot until fairness has been reset. Ifthis continues, eventually disk A3 transactions will be starved causingthe HBA to timeout and either LIP the loop or flag disk A3 asnon-responsive.

To eliminate starvation conditions, a third layer of fairness mechanismsexists. A CLS counter based on ALPA'S, tracks the number of sequentialtimes an ALPA's OPN requests are closed down without any frames beingtransferred. If the CLS counter reaches the software settable thresholdthe next time an OPN is received containing that ALPA as the source, itspriority is increased to the highest priority. Until a connection ismade that transfers at least a frame of data, any request made by thisALPA will retain the highest priority and will win any pendingconnection collisions. (If two ports with highest priority requestscollide, the rotating first-come, first-served priority will determinethe winner.) Each port can individually have this ALPA-based priorityincrease enabled/disabled via Port Control Register #1.

A “dumb” time-based priority mechanism also may be used. This mechanismincreases the port's priority on a time-slot basis rather than on anALPA basis. The duty cycle of this timer is controlled and ports areenabled via Port Control Register #1.

Both the ALPA and time-based priority controls may be applied to anytype of port.

5.10 Zoning

5.10.1 Non-overlapping Zoning

In both hub emulation and switch (segmenting) modes of operation, eachport can be assigned to one of a number of possible non-overlappingzones. Zone assignments for each port are assigned by programmingspecific zone values into the non-overlapping zone registers. Thedevices on each port within a zone are connected such that only thosedevices can talk to each other and they form a loop that is totallyisolated from all other ports on the Loop Switch. Both data transfersand loop initialization activity is totally restricted to individualzones. Port discovery is valid only for zone 0 when non-overlappingzoning is turned on since Loop Switch is designed to support a singleALPA map. The non-overlapping zone information is also captured throughthe serial EEPROM interface.

5.10.2 Overlapping Zoning (Switching Mode)

In switching operation, overlapping zones can be configured by disablingcertain source/destination port combinations. Since the Loop Switch inswitching (segmenting) mode is broken up into individual loop segmentsfor each port, the devices in each port are located in different zones.Normally devices on different ports can talk to each other through theprocesses described earlier. However, for each source port access tocertain destination ports can be disabled, providing zone to zoneisolation capability. This disabling function is accomplished by writingsource/destination port disable controls in the overlapping zonedestination port disable registers. By itself, overlapping hard zoningdoes not isolate loop initialization activity to individual loopsegments. LIP isolation must be explicitly enabled for this to occur.

5.11 LIP Isolation

Normally when a LIP is received on any port, the Loop Switch revertsinto hub emulation mode if it is not already configured that way. LIPsthen propagate through all of the Loop Switch ports to allow loopinitialization. Depending upon the system requirements this may resultin unacceptable interruptions to loop traffic. In order to reduce thefrequency or at least manage the timing of these interruptions, the LoopSwitch can be configured to provide LIP isolation in switching mode.This isolation includes preventing a LIP from propagating when aGBIC/SFP is removed (and subsequently reinserted). Two main categoriesof LIP isolation are possible: non-stealth mode and stealth mode.

5.11.1 Non-Stealth Modes

Non-stealth mode isolation either keeps the LIP propagation isolated toa specific zone, which has no impact on other zones, or totally isolatesthe device from the loop. The device that generated the LIP is isolatedfrom the system until it is determined that a LIP and subsequent loopinitialization cycle will not impact system performance.

5.11.1.1 Hub Emulation Mode

Non-overlapping hard zones guarantee that LIPs do not propagate from onezone to another, but a LIP in any zone causes all of the other ports inthat zone to re-initialize.

5.11.1.2 Switching (Segmenting) Mode

In the Loop Switch switching (segmenting) mode two LIP isolationsolutions are possible. For any solution to be enabled a global LIPisolation enable bit must be set in the router. This does not determinea specific behavior for any port; it simply enables the port-specificbehavior for all ports. The LIP isolation behavior for each port iscontrolled in the port control registers and is individually selectableon a port basis.

Non-Stealth LIP Isolation Control Summary global_isolate_enport_isolate_en pass_LIP LIP Isolation Mode (router) (port) (port)Non-Isolated 0 x x (global) Non-Isolated (per 1 0 0 port) Manual Insert1 1 0 Local Insert 1 1 15.11.1.2.1 Manual Insert Mode (LIP Blocking)

In manual insert mode, LIPs are blocked prior to leaving the port. Forthis mode to be activated on a port the global isolation enable bit mustbe set in the router and the port isolation enable must be set for thatport. Blocked LIPs do not influence the other ports, nor are theyallowed to propagate around the full loop where the LIP is originated.This is the most restrictive form of LIP isolation and the LIP'ingdevice is held inactive and not allowed to communicate. In order toinsert the port back into the loop, either LIP's must be sent throughall of the Loop Switch ports or the microprocessor may send a directedLIP to that port to allow it to enter the loop. In both cases, theentire system is rolled into a loop and all ports participate in a loopinitialization cycle. Firmware can detect that a port was isolated withan interrupt for that port.

5.11.1.2.2 Local Insert Mode

Local insert mode is similar to manual insert mode except that the portthat detects the LIP allows local, isolated loop initialization toproceed for that port as a stand-alone loop. Following the local loopinitialization, the port is wired to itself internally. Local datatransfers are allowed to proceed but communication with other ports isnot allowed. If an OPN is sent from another port to an isolated port,the OPN request normally waits until the isolated port becomes availablebefore being answered or until the entire Loop Switch is initialized. Ifthere is no response to the OPN the source port may send a CLS and thenattempt another connection. If selected in the router control registers,the port may receive a CLS back immediately from the Loop Switch when anOPN is sent to an isolated port. In both cases, the entire system isrolled into a loop and all ports participate in a loop initializationcycle. As in manual insert mode, firmware can detect that a port wasisolated with an interrupt for that port.

5.11.2 Stealth Mode

Stealth mode LIP isolation provides a low-impact mechanism to allowdevices that LIP to join the system without LIP'ing all the devices onthe system. Depending on the configuration of the system, the impact onthe system ranges from no devices receiving a LIP (except the newdevice), a few devices receiving a LIP or the whole system being LIP'ed.

The flowchart in FIG. 19 shows the flow the internal state-machinefollows to process stealth LIP cycles.

Several levels of control exist for stealth mode isolation. Thefollowing sections will illustrate several configurations of stealthisolation on a single Loop Switch ASIC followed by cascaded Loop SwitchASIC examples of stealth isolation. In each case, a black-boxdescription is given followed by a detailed description of the stepsthat occur within the Loop Switch ASIC's circuitry.

In the table below, the functions of the port-level controls for stealthisolation are shown as well as the global isolation control enable.

port_(—) Stealth_(—) Steath_(—) global_isolate_(—) isolate_(—) rcv_(—)gen_(—) en en lip lip LIP Isolation Mode (router) (port) (port) (port)No Isolation (global) 0 x x x No Isolation (per port) 1 1 1 1 ReceiveLIP from 1 1 1 0 router Forward LIP to router 1 1 0 1 Full Isolation 1 10 0

In addition to the bits shown above, route-blocking and LIP isolationgroups are used to control device to device routing access based on theALPA of each device as well as LIP isolation based on switch ports.

5.11.2.1 Route-Blocking Groups

The Loop Switch ASIC supports multiple groups that provideroute-blocking based on each device's ALPA. Each group contains a set of126 bits corresponding to each ALPA possible on the loop. If the bit isset to ‘1’, that associated device cannot communicate with any otherdevice in that group whose enable is also set to ‘1’. The route-blockingmechanism covers any connection that passes through the Loop SwitchASIC, regardless of cascade hops. When the OPN is received by the routerlook-up state-machine, each route-blocking group is parsed to see if theconnection is blocked. If the connection is blocked, the OPN is routedback to the originating port, making it appear to the originating devicethat the destination ALPA is not on the loop. A half-duplex OPN is aspecial case and route-blocking is not supported. The source port is notincluded in the OPN frame so the logic would have to parse all theALPA's that exist on that port.

Some initiators will continually attempt to access a device whose ALPAappeared in the LILP frame but it is not able to open. After a severalattempts, that initiator may LIP the loop. As long as the filteredLIRP/LILP mechanism is not disabled the LIP should clear the blockedALPA from the initiator's LIP received during the LIP cycle and systemoperation should continue.

An ALPA can be contained in multiple route-blocking groups. If hardwaregeneration of the LIP isolation groups is enabled, this route-blockinggroups generates overlapping isolation groups automatically.

In the SOC422 Loop Switch three route-blocking groups are included inthe SEPROM space to allow for some level of route-blocking/LIP isolationin an unmanaged switch.

5.11.2.2 LIP Isolation Zone Groups

The Loop Switch ASIC supports 16 LIP Isolation zones. Note that thenumber 16 is an implementation value, not a design limitation.

Each port has a control register defined in the router's memory mapspace containing a set of 16 bits corresponding to each isolation zone.If the bit is set to ‘1’, the port is included in that LIP Isolationgroup, if set to ‘0’, the port is not included. While groups are definedfor a single Loop Switch ASIC, if multiple Loop Switch ASIC's arecascaded, a forwarded LIP from Zone 2 of one Loop Switch ASIC will causeports in Zone 2 of every Loop Switch ASIC in the system to be affected.

Isolation groups may overlap on a port. If a LIP is detected on a portconfigured to forward LIP's, it will cause a loop initialization thatincludes all ports enabled to receive LIP's in every zone in which theoriginal port belongs.

5.11.2.3 Interswitch Frames

The Loop Switch ASIC supports LIP isolation and route blocking over allswitches in the system. If multiple stealth-mode switches exist in thesystem (indicated by a non-zero value in the Stealth-Interswitch CascadeRegisters, a mechanism is required to arbitrate to determine the switchthat has control of the loop in the case of simultaneous LIP events onmultiple switches. Additionally, once control has been determined, amechanism to communicate which zone(s) are involved in the LIP cycle isrequired. A broadcast, interswitch frame covers both needs. Also, ageneral-purpose interswitch frame is supported to provide a mechanismfor the firmware to have in-band communication with the other switchesin the system.

5.11.2.3.1 LIP Cycle Interswitch Frames

The LIP cycle's interswitch frame is loosely based on the general formatof a Loop Initialization frame. Seven 32-bit words make up the header,followed by a 16-byte payload and then a CRC. This frame has the formatin the figure shown below:

The 1^(st) word of the payload indicates the frame is the LIPInterswitch frame. The 2^(nd) word of the payload contains the serialnumber, bits 31-0 only, of the switch attempting to win control of theLIP cycle. The 3^(rd) word contains a bit-map indicating which zones areto be included in the LIP cycle in the upper half and is padded with 2bytes of zeros in the lower half.

5.11.2.3.2 General Purpose Interswitch Frames

The general purpose interswitch frame is user programmable with the LoopSwitch ASIC capturing the data frame on a match of the 1^(st) and 3^(rd)words in the header. The frame has a 32 byte payload. The first 4 bytesof the payload must be the serial number of the Loop Switch ASIC and areautomatically inserted by the Loop Switch ASIC even though they areread-accessible in the transmit Interswitch frame registers. Theremaining 28 bytes of the payload are user-defined.

The Loop Switch ASIC compares the received serial number in the payloadagainst the local serial number to determine whether the frame is fromanother switch and should be forwarded or if the frame is originallyfrom this switch and should be blocked. An interrupt can be generated oneither detection of a remote frame or receipt of the wrapped-back localframe.

5.11.3 Stealth Mode Isolation, Single ASIC, Devices in a Single LIPZone, No Route Blocking

In the table below, the basic controls for stealth isolation for eachdevice is shown.

Routes LIP Blocked Zone Stealth_rcv_lip Steath_gen_lip Device (router)(router) (port) (port) HBA #1 1200 None 1 1 0 HBA #2 1209 None 1 1 0Disk #1 1204 None 1 0 1 Disk #2 1205 None 1 0 1

In this example, see FIG. 20, all four devices attached to the LoopSwitch ASIC 1200, 1204, 1205, 1209 are in the same LIP Zone without anyroutes blocked. Route blocking prevents specific devices fromcommunicating with other devices based on their ALPA's. The implicationof being in a single zone is that any time a LIP is forwarded to therouter 1208, all devices configured to be notified of a LIP will beinvolved in the resulting loop initialization. The HBA ports 1211, 1210are configured so the HBA's are notified when a LIP is forwarded to therouter 1208 but do not forward LIPs to other devices themselves. Thedisk ports 1212 and 1213 are configured in the opposite manner. A LIPfrom a disk is forwarded to the system however a LIP in the system isnot passed on to a disk port.

Assuming a LIP is generated by Disk #1 1204, the ports will be connectedinto a loop as illustrated by the path internal to the Loop Switch 1201,1203, 1206, 1207. The two HBA's 1200, 1209 included in a loop with Disk#1 1204 while Disk #2 1205 is unaffected. Disk #1 1204 forwards the LIPbecause it has been enabled for LIP forwarding. Disk #2 1205 is left outof the LIP cycle because unlike the HBA's it was not configured toreceive LIP's. The three devices 1200, 1204, 1209 will perform a loopinitialization cycle. Upon completion, all three devices will be allowedto enter switching mode and communicate with Disk #2 1205.

Within the Loop Switch ASIC, the port connected to Disk #1 1212 willdetect the LIP. The LIP will be blocked at the port 1212 however a “LIPdetected” signal will be forwarded to the router 1208. The router logic1208 will control all the ports 1211, 1210, 1212, 1213 and cause fillwords to be replaced with blocking ARB's to stop new connections fromforming within the Loop Switch ASIC 1202. Additionally, R_RDY orderedsets will not be passed through the Loop Switch ASIC 1202 to causeexisting connections to complete quickly.

The router logic 1208 will format bits to logically OR with the LIFAframe that include all ALPA's on the switch that are either not in theLIP'ed zone(s) or are on ports configured not to be notified of a LIP.(In this case 1 bit would be set for Disk #2). Additionally, the ALPA ofevery device on the switch within the zone(s) being LIP'ed, notconfigured to be notified of a LIP, is formatted into a list within therouter to insert into the LIRP frame. In this case that would only bethe ALPA for Disk #2 1205.

As soon as the logic detects all traffic has halted; the crossbar switchwill be configured to connect the ports and router into a loop for theloop initialization cycle. At this point, traffic will be allowed toresume on all ports not included in the loop initialization. Any OPNdirected toward a device that is in the initialization loop will beresponded to with a CLS routed back to the OPN's originator, indicatingthe requested device is busy. The LIP from the port will then be allowedto circulate the loop of isolated ports.

As the LIFA frame passes through the router, it is modified by therouter, OR'ing in all ALPA's from the list formatted in the router.

As the LIRP frame passes through the router, it is also modified. TheALPA list, containing devices in the zone(s) being initialized but notactually involved in the initialization, is inserted into the LIRPframe. The offset field is incremented and the CRC recalculated.

The loop initialization cycle concludes with the LILP frame and CLSordered set being circulated around the loop.

When the Loop Switch ASIC detects the initialization is complete, therouter will allow the isolated ports to participate with the main systemagain.

5.11.4 Stealth Mode Isolation, Single ASIC, Devices in Multiple LIPZones, No Routes Blocked

In the table below, the basic controls for stealth isolation for eachdevice is shown, also refer to FIG. 21.

Routes LIP Blocked Zone Stealth_rcv_lip Steath_gen_lip Device (router)(router) (port) (port) HBA #1 1220 None 1 1233 1 0 HBA #2 1232 None 21234 1 0 Disk #1 1228 None 1 1233 0 1 Disk #2 1229 None 2 1234 0 1

In this example, all four devices attached to the Loop Switch ASIC arein a combination of LIP Zones, see FIG. 21 1233, 1234. No routes areblocked. All devices 1220, 1228, 1232, 1229 can communicate with allother devices. The implication of being in a separate zone is that anytime a LIP is forwarded to the router 1226, only devices within the samezone, configured to be notified of a LIP will be involved in theresulting loop initialization. The HBA ports 1221, 1231 are configuredso the HBA's are notified when a LIP is forwarded to the router but donot forward LIPs to other devices themselves. The disk ports 1225, 1230are configured in the opposite manner. A LIP from a disk is forwarded tothe system however a LIP in the system is not passed on to a disk port1230, and 1228.

Assuming a LIP is generated by Disk #1 1228, the ports will be connectedinto a loop as illustrated by path within the Loop Switch, 1222, 1223,1224. Only HBA #1 1220 gets included in a loop 1222, 1223, 1224 withDisk #1 1228 while both HBA #2 1232 and Disk #2 1229 are unaffected andcan continue communications. If HBA #2 1232 or Disk #2 1229 tries tosend an OPN to either HBA #1 1220 or Disk #1 1228 while isolated, a CLSwill be returned to the originating device. Disk #1 forwards the LIP tothe router 1226 because it has been enabled for LIP forwarding. The twodevices will perform a loop initialization cycle. Upon completion, bothdevices will be allowed to enter switching mode and communicate with HBA#2 and Disk #2.

HBA #1 was included in a loop initialization cycle that did not includethe ALPA for HBA #2 in the LIRP/LILP frames. Communication from HBA #1to HBA #2 is essentially broken since HBA #1 has no knowledge of HBA #2.An optional setting in the router control registers would allow allALPA's in the system to be included in the LIRP/LILP frames.

Within the Loop Switch ASIC 1227, the port connected to Disk #1 1225will detect the LIP. The LIP will be blocked at the port however a “LIPdetected” signal will be forwarded to the router. The router logic 1226will control all the ports 1221, 1231, 1225, 1230 and cause fill wordsto be replaced with blocking ARB's to stop new connections from formingwithin the Loop Switch ASIC 1227. Additionally, R_RDY ordered sets willnot be passed through the Loop Switch ASIC to cause existing connectionsto complete quickly.

The router logic 1226 will format bits to logically OR with the LIFAframe. In this example, the bits corresponding to the ALPA's for HBA #2and Disk #2 will be set. Unlike the single zone example, all devices inZone 1 are included in the loop so no ALPA's are formatted into a listto be inserted into the LIRP frame.

As soon as the router logic detects all traffic has halted; the crossbarswitch will be configured to connect the ports and router into a loopfor the loop initialization cycle. At this point, traffic is allowed toresume on the ports connected to HBA #2 and Disk #2. If an OPN wasdirected toward either HBA #1 or Disk #1, it will be responded to with aCLS routed back to the OPN's originator, indicating the requested deviceis busy. The LIP from the port will then be allowed to circulate theloop of isolated ports.

As the LIFA frame passes through the router, it will be modified by therouter, OR'ing in all ALPA's from the list formatted in the router.

As the LIRP frame passes through the router, it is not modified. Alldevices in the zone are involved in the loop initialization.

The loop initialization cycle concludes with the LILP frame and CLSordered set being circulated around the loop.

When the Loop Switch ASIC detects the initialization is complete, therouter will allow the isolated ports to participate with the main systemagain.

5.11.5 Stealth Mode Isolation, Single ASIC, Devices in Multiple LIPZones, with Blocked Routes

In the table below, the basic controls for stealth isolation for eachdevice is shown, also refer to FIG. 22.

Routes LIP Stealth_(—) Steath_gen_(—) Blocked Zone rcv_lip lip Device(router) (router) (port) (port) HBA #1 1240 To HBA #2 1 1255 1 0 HBA #21241 To HBA #1 2 1254 1 0 Disk #1 1243 None 1 1255 0 1 Disk #2 1242 None1 & 2 0 1 1254, 1255

In this example, all four devices attached to the Loop Switch ASIC arein a combination of LIP Zones, see FIG. 22 1255, 1254. The route betweenboth initiators 1240, 1241 is blocked. HBA #1 1240 gets LIP'ed if eitherdisk 1243, 1242 LIP's. HBA #2 1241 only gets a LIP if Disk #2 1242LIP's.

Assuming a LIP is generated by Disk #2 1242, the ports 1247, 1246, 1245will be connected into a loop as shown by the path 1250, 1251, 1252,1253. Both HBA #1 1240 and HBA #2 1241 get included in a loop 1255 withDisk #2 1242 while Disk #1 1243 is unaffected and could continuecommunications if another device was available. If Disk #1 1243 tries tosend an OPN to any of the isolated devices, a CLS will be returned tothe originating device. Disk #1 forwards the LIP to the router 1248because it has been enabled for LIP forwarding and both HBA's are rolledinto the isolation loop due to the overlapping zones 1255, 1254. Thethree devices will perform a loop initialization cycle 1240, 1243, 1242.Upon completion, all of the devices will be allowed to enter switchingmode and communicate.

In this example, although both HBA's 1240, 1241 see the ALPA of theother HBA, any OPN sent from one HBA to the other is detected as ablocked route and the OPN is returned to the originating HBA. If eitherHBA gets upset by the continuous return of its OPN to a device itbelieves exists on the loop, it might LIP. This LIP would only includethe LIP'ing HBA and the router 1248, which would insert only the ALPA'sin that LIP zone into the LIRP frame, effectively removing the otherHBA's ALPA from its table.

Within the Loop Switch ASIC 1249, the port connected to Disk #2 1245will detect the LIP. The LIP will be blocked at the port however a “LIPdetected” signal will be forwarded to the router logic 1248. The routerlogic 1248 will control all the ports 1247, 1246, 1244, 1245 and causefill words to be replaced with blocking ARB's to stop new connectionsfrom forming within the Loop Switch ASIC 1249. Additionally, R_RDYordered sets will not be passed through the Loop Switch ASIC 1249 tocause existing connections to complete quickly.

The router logic will format bits to logically OR with the LIFA frame.In this example, the bit corresponding to the ALPA for Disk #1 will beset. Additionally the ALPA for Disk #1 will be formatted into the listto be inserted into the LIRP frame.

As soon as the router logic detects all traffic has halted; the crossbarswitch will be configured to connect the ports and router into a loopfor the loop initialization cycle. At this point, traffic is allowed toresume on the port connected to Disk #1. If an OPN was directed towardeither HBA or Disk #2, it will be responded to with a CLS routed back tothe Disk #1, indicating the requested device is busy. The LIP from theport will then be allowed to circulate the loop of isolated ports.

As the LIFA frame passes through the router, it will be modified by therouter, OR'ing in the bit corresponding to the ALPA for Disk #1.

As the LIRP frame passes through the router, it is also modified. TheALPA list, containing devices in the zone(s) being initialized but notactually involved in the initialization (Disk #1's ALPA), is insertedinto the LIRP frame. The offset field is incremented and the CRCrecalculated.

The loop initialization cycle concludes with the LILP frame and CLSordered set being circulated around the loop.

When the Loop Switch ASIC detects the initialization is complete, therouter will allow the isolated ports to participate with the main systemagain.

At this point, both HBA's will attempt to OPN each ALPA detected in theLILP frame to PLOGI into each device. Since the Route between HBA #1 andHBA #2 is blocked, the router will return the OPN to the originator wheneither HBA tries to open the other.

5.11.6 Stealth Mode Isolation, Multiple ASICs, Devices in Multiple LIPZones, with Blocked Routes

In the table below, the basic controls for stealth isolation for eachdevice is shown, also refer to FIG. 23.

Routes LIP Stealth_(—) Stealth_gen_(—) Blocked Zone rcv_lip lip Device(router) (router) (port) (port) HBA #1 1300 To HBA #2 1 1329 1 0 HBA #21301 To HBA #1 2 1328 1 0 Disk #1 1302 None 1 1329 0 1 Disk #2 1303 None1 & 2 0 1 1329, 1328 Disk #3 1304 None 2 1328 0 1

In this example, all five devices attached to the Loop Switch ASICs arein a combination of LIP Zones, see FIG. 23, 1328, 1329. The routebetween both initiators HBA's 1300, 1301 is blocked. HBA #1 1300 getsLIP'ed if either disk #1 1302 or #2 1303 LIP's. HBA #2 1301 gets a LIPif Disk #2 1303 or #3 1304 LIP's. To support the multiple Loop Switch1319, 1320 system, the duplicate cascade 1306 on each Loop Switch ASIC1319, 1320 is configured as a stealth interswitch cascade.

Assuming a LIP is generated by Disk #2 1303, the ports will be connectedwithin the Loop Switch by the path 1321, 1322, 1323. Both HBA #1 1300and HBA #2 1301 get included in a loop 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1322,1323, 1321 with Disk #2 1303 while Disk #1 1302 and #3 1304 areunaffected and could continue communications if another device wasavailable. If Disk #1 1302 or #3 1304 tries to send an OPN to any of theisolated devices, a CLS will be returned to the originating device. Disk#2 1303 forwards the LIP to the router 1317 because it has been enabledfor LIP forwarding and both HBA's are rolled into the isolation loop dueto the overlapping zones 1329, 1328. The three devices will perform aloop initialization cycle. Upon completion, all of the devices will beallowed to enter switching mode and communicate.

In this example, although both HBA's see the ALPA of the other HBA, anyOPN sent from one HBA to the other is detected as a blocked route andthe OPN is returned to the originating HBA. If either HBA gets upset bythe continuous return of its OPN to a device it believes exists on theloop, it might LIP. This LIP would only include the LIP'ing HBA and therouter, which would insert only the ALPA's in that LIP zone into theLIRP frame, effectively removing the other HBA's ALPA from its table.

Within the Loop Switch ASIC, the port 1315 connected to Disk #2 willdetect the LIP. The LIP will be blocked at the port however a “LIPdetected” signal will be forwarded to the router. The router logic willcontrol all the ports and cause fill words to be replaced with blockingARB's to stop new connections from forming within the ASIC.Additionally, R_RDY ordered sets will not be passed through the ASIC tocause existing connections to complete quickly.

Unlike the single Loop Switch ASIC system, this system has to arbitratefor the master of the initialization cycle and pass the LIP zone(s)affected information to the other Loop Switch ASIC. As soon as thetraffic is stopped on the Loop Switch ASIC #2 1320, a loop connectingthe router to the stealth interswitch cascade port, in this case theduplicate cascade 1306 between Loop Switch ASICs, is made within theLoop Switch. When the interswitch/router loop has been formed, a streamof 16 LIP's is sent out. Loop Switch ASIC #1's 1319 traffic is alreadyhalted so it can connect its router and the duplicate cascade into aloop upon receipt of the LIP's. The LIP interswitch frame is generatedby Loop Switch ASIC #2, received by the router in Loop Switch ASIC #11319, stored and forwarded back to Loop Switch ASIC #2. Since LoopSwitch ASIC #1 is seeing a LIP frame for the 1^(st) time this cycle itsets the retransmit request bit in the frame forwarded back to LoopSwitch ASIC #2. This causes Loop Switch ASIC #2 to resend the LIP frame.Loop Switch ASIC #1, forwards the frame back to Loop Switch ASIC #2without modification this time as it has already seen the LIP frame.NOTE: This retransmit mechanism ensures that all switches receive theLIP frame regardless of the relationship of the stealth cascades and therouter in the switch core.

ARB FF ordered sets are sent out by Loop Switch ASIC #2 as fill words.

Upon winning control of the initialization cycle, Loop Switch ASIC #21320 connects Disk #2 1303 into the loop with the local router 1317 andthe duplicate cascade port 1313. After this loop is made, the LIP's areallowed to propagate from Disk #2 into the entire system.

Upon receipt of the second set of LIP's, Loop Switch ASIC #1 configuresits ports for the initialization cycle based on the interswitch frame.In this case, both HBA's, the duplicate cascade port and the router arerolled into a loop. As soon as the isolated loop is created on each LoopSwitch, each Loop Switch then allows all unaffected ports on that LoopSwitch to resume communications and traffic could resume between theLoop Switch ASIC's on the primary cascade. The devices in the isolatedloop initialization will start arbitrating to determine the LIM.

The router logic in Loop Switch ASIC #1 1318 will not attempt to modifyeither the LIFA or LIRP frames. Both devices attached locally to thisLoop Switch ASIC are involved in the initialization cycle and don'trequire the Loop Switch ASIC to reserve their ALPA's. The router logicin Loop Switch ASIC #2 will format bits to logically OR with the LIFAframe. In this example, the bits corresponding to the ALPA's for Disks#1 and #3 will be set. Additionally the ALPAs for Disks #1 and #3 willbe formatted into the list to be inserted into the LIRP frame.

As the LIFA frame passes through the router in Loop Switch ASIC #1, itis unaffected. As the LIFA frame passes through the router in LoopSwitch ASIC #2, it will be modified by the router, OR'ing in all ALPA'sfrom the list formatted in the router.

As the LIRP frame passes through the router in Loop Switch ASIC #2, itis also modified. The ALPA list, containing devices in the zone(s) beinginitialized but not actually involved in the initialization, is insertedinto the LIRP frame. The offset field is incremented and the CRCrecalculated.

The loop initialization cycle concludes with the LILP frame and CLSordered set being circulated around the loop.

When the Loop Switch ASIC detects the initialization is complete, therouter will allow the isolated ports to participate with the main systemagain.

At this point, both HBA's will attempt to OPN each ALPA detected in theLILP frame to PLOGI into each device. Since the Route between HBA #1 andHBA #2 is blocked, the router will return the OPN to the originator wheneither HBA tries to open the other. Additionally, HBA #1 may havediscovered the presence of Disk #3 and will attempt to PLOGI into thatdisk. If this access is not desired either route blocking between HBA #1and Disk #3 could be configured or a 3^(rd) isolation zone covering onlyDisk #3 and HBA #2 could be set up.

5.11.7 Stealth Mode Isolation, Multiple ASICs, Multiple Zones, HBA #1 &HBA #2 in Connection

In the table below, the basic controls for stealth isolation for eachdevice is shown, see also FIG. 23.

Routes Steath_(—) Blocked LIP Zone Stealth_rcv_lip gen_lip Device(router) (router) (port) (port) HBA #1 1300 None 1 1329 1 0 HBA #2 1301None 2 1328 1 0 Disk #1 1302 None 1 1329 0 1 Disk #2 1303 None 1 & 2 0 11329, 1328 Disk #3 1304 None 2 1328 0 1

In this example, all five devices 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304 attachedto the Loop Switch ASICs are in a combination of LIP Zones, see FIG.231328, 1329. The route between both initiators 1300, 1301 is blocked.HBA #1 1300 gets LIP'ed if either disk #1 1302 or #2 1303 LIP's. HBA #21301 gets a LIP if Disk #2 1303 or #3 1304 LIP's. To support themultiple switch system 1319, 1320, the duplicate cascade 1306 on eachLoop Switch ASIC is configured as a stealth interswitch cascade.

HBA #1 1300 and HBA #2 1301 are communicating when a LIP is generated byDisk #2 1303. After all traffic on the system is stopped, the ports willbe connected into a loop as illustrated by the path 1321, 1322, 1323,1325, 1327, 1326, 1324. Both HBA #1 1300 and HBA #2 1301 get included ina loop with Disk #2 1303 while Disk #1 1302 and #3 1304 are unaffectedand could continue communications if another device was available. IfDisk #1 1302 tries to send an OPN to any of the isolated devices, a CLSwill be returned to the originating device. Disk #2 1303 forwards theLIP to the router 1317 because it has been enabled for LIP forwardingand both HBA's are rolled into the isolation loop due to the overlappingzones. The three devices will perform a loop initialization cycle. Uponcompletion, all of the devices will be allowed to enter switching modeand communicate.

Within the Loop Switch ASIC 1320, the port connected to Disk #2 1315will detect the LIP. The LIP will be blocked at the port 1315 however a“LIP detected” signal will be forwarded to the router 1317. The routerlogic 1317 will control all the ports and cause fill words to bereplaced with blocking ARB's to stop new connections from forming withinthe ASIC. Additionally, R_RDY ordered sets will not be passed throughthe ASIC to cause existing connections to complete quickly.

Unlike the single Loop Switch ASIC system, this system has to arbitratefor the master of the initialization cycle and pass the LIP zone(s)affected information to the other Loop Switch ASIC. As soon as thetraffic is stopped on the Loop Switch ASIC #2, a loop connecting therouter to the stealth interswitch cascade port, in this case theduplicate cascade between Loop Switch ASICs, is made within the switch.When the interswitch/router loop has been formed, a stream of 16 LIP'sis sent out. Some of ASIC #1's traffic is still running, pending the endof the connection between HBA #1 and HBA #2. The cascades between LoopSwitch ASIC #1 and Loop Switch ASIC #2 are halted from the Loop SwitchASIC #2 side. Loop Switch ASIC #1 detects the LIP's on the duplicatecascade so it connects its router and the duplicate cascade into a loopupon receipt of the LIP's. The LIP interswitch frame is generated byLoop Switch ASIC #2, received by the router in Loop Switch ASIC #1 andstored in Loop Switch ASIC #1's router. When all traffic on Loop SwitchASIC #1 has been stopped, the interswitch frame is forwarded to ASIC #2.ARB FF ordered sets are sent out by Loop Switch ASIC #2 as fill words.

Upon winning control of the initialization cycle, Loop Switch ASIC #1connects Disk #2 into the loop with the local router and the duplicatecascade port. After this loop is made, the LIP's are allowed topropagate from Disk #2 into the entire system.

Upon receipt of the second set of LIP's, Loop Switch ASIC #1 configuresits ports for the initialization cycle based on the interswitch frame.In this case, the HBA's, the duplicate cascade port and the router arerolled into a loop. As soon as a loop is created on each switch, eachswitch then allows all unaffected ports on that switch to resumecommunications and traffic could resume between the Loop Switch ASIC'son the primary cascade. The devices in the loop initialization willstart arbitrating to determine the LIM.

The router logic in Loop Switch ASIC #1 will not attempt to modifyeither the LIFA or LIRP frames. Both devices attached locally to thisLoop Switch ASIC are involved in the initialization cycle and don'trequire the Loop Switch ASIC to reserve their ALPA's. The router logicin Loop Switch ASIC #2 will format bits to logically OR with the LIFAframe. In this example, the bits corresponding to the ALPA's for Disks#1 and #3 will be set. Additionally the ALPAs for Disks #1 and #3 willbe formatted into the list to be inserted into the LIRP frame.

As the LIFA frame passes through the router in Loop Switch ASIC #1, itis unaffected. As the LIFA frame passes through the router in ASIC #2,it is modified by the router, OR'ing in all ALPA's from the listformatted in the router.

As the LIRP frame passes through the router in Loop Switch ASIC #2, itis also modified. The ALPA list, containing devices in the zone(s) beinginitialized but not actually involved in the initialization, is insertedinto the LIRP frame. The offset field is incremented and the CRCrecalculated.

The loop initialization cycle concludes with the LILP frame and CLSordered set being circulated around the loop.

When the Loop Switch ASIC detects the initialization is complete, therouter will allow the isolated ports to participate with the main systemagain.

At this point, both HBA's will attempt to OPN each ALPA detected in theLILP frame to PLOGI into each device. Since the Route between HBA #1 andHBA #2 is blocked, the router will return the OPN to the originator wheneither HBA tries to open the other. Additionally, HBA #1 may havediscovered the presence of Disk #3 and will attempt to PLOGI into thatdisk. If this access is not desired either route blocking between HBA #1and Disk #3 could be configured or a 3d isolation zone covering onlyDisk #3 and HBA #2 could be set up.

5.11.8 Stealth Mode Isolation, Multiple ASICs, Devices in Multiple LIPZones, Simultaneous LIP's

In the table below, the basic controls for stealth isolation for eachdevice is shown, also refer to FIG. 24 and FIG. 25.

Routes Steath_(—) Blocked LIP Zone Stealth_rcv_lip gen_lip Device(router) (router) (port) (port) HBA #1 1400 1500 None 1 1429 1529 1 0HBA #2 1404 1504 None 2 1428 1528 1 0 Disk #1 1402 1502 None 1 1429 15290 1 Disk #2 1403 1503 None 1 1429 1529 0 1 Disk #3 1401 1501 None 2 14281528 0 1

In this example, all five devices attached to the Loop Switch ASICs arein a combination of LIP Zones 1429, 1428, 1529, 1528. HBA #1 1400, 1500gets LIP'ed if either disk #1 1402, 1502 or #2 1403, 1503 generates aLIP. HBA #2 1404, 1504 gets a LIP if Disk #3 1401, 1501 generates a LIP.To support the multiple switch system 1419, 1420, 1519, 1520, theduplicate cascade 1406, 1506 on each Loop Switch ASIC is configured as astealth interswitch cascade.

Assuming a LIP is generated by Disk #2 1403, 1503 and Disk #3 1401, 1501almost simultaneously, two loop initialization cycles will have to beperformed to handle the non-overlapping zones. Loop Switch ASIC #1 1419,1519 will win control of the first initialization cycle (due to thelower serial number) and the ports will be connected into a loop asillustrated by the path shown in FIG. 24, 1427, 1426, 1425. HBA #2 1404,1504 gets included in a loop with only Disk #3 1401, 1501 while HBA #11400, 1500 and Disk #1 1402, 1502 are unaffected and could continuecommunications on the primary cascade. HBA #2 1404, 1504 and Disk #31401, 1501 will perform a loop initialization cycle. Upon completion,both of these devices will be allowed to enter switching mode andcommunicate with the rest of the system.

Upon detection of the complete loop initialization cycle, Loop SwitchASIC #2 1420, 1520 will then initiate a loop initialization cycleincluding HBA #1 1400, 1500 and Disk #2 1403, 1503. The resulting loopis shown in FIG. 25, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1522, 1521, 1523. HBA #1 1500 andDisk #2 1503 will perform a loop initialization cycle. Upon completion,both of these devices will be allowed to enter switching mode andcommunicate with the rest of the system. NOTE: If both LIP'ing deviceshad been in the same zone, Loop Switch ASIC #2 1520 would have detectedthis and only one loop initialization would have been required.

Within the Loop Switch ASICs, the ports 1514, 1515 connected to Disks #2and #3 will detect the LIP's. The LIP's will be blocked at each porthowever a “LIP detected” signal will be forwarded to the router 1417,1418, 1517, 1518 in each Loop Switch ASIC. The router logic 1417, 1418,1517, 1518 will control all the ports 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412,1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515,1516 and cause fill words to be replaced with blocking ARB's to stop newconnections from forming within the Loop Switch ASIC. Additionally,R_RDY ordered sets will not be passed through the Loop Switch ASIC tocause existing connections to complete quickly.

Unlike the single Loop Switch ASIC system, this system has to arbitratefor the master of the initialization cycle and pass the LIP zone(s)affected information to the other Loop Switch ASIC. As soon as thetraffic is stopped on each Loop Switch ASIC, a loop connecting therouter to the stealth interswitch cascade port, in this case theduplicate cascade between Loop Switch ASICs, is made within the switch.When each Loop Switch ASIC's interswitch cascade/router loop has beenformed, a stream of 16 LIP's is sent out. The LIP interswitch framegenerated by Loop Switch ASIC #2, received by the router in Loop SwitchASIC #1, but is discarded since it has a higher serial number than LoopSwitch ASIC #1. The Loop Switch ASIC #1 interswitch frame is received byLoop Switch ASIC #2, stored and forwarded back to Loop Switch ASIC #1.ARB FF ordered sets are sent out by both Loop Switch ASIC's as fillwords. Upon detecting it won, Loop Switch ASIC #1 will roll Disk #3 andthe duplicate cascade port into a loop and generate at least 10milliseconds worth of LIP's.

Upon receipt of the second set of LIP's, Loop Switch ASIC #2 configuresits ports for the initialization cycle based on the interswitch framefrom Loop Switch ASIC #1. In this case, HBA #2, the duplicate cascadeports and Disk #3 are rolled into a loop. As soon as this loop iscreated on each Loop Switch, each switch then allows all unaffectedports on that switch to resume communications and traffic could resumebetween the Loop Switch ASIC's on the primary cascade. The devices inthe loop initialization will start arbitrating to determine the LIM.

The router logic in Loop Switch ASIC #1 will OR in the bit representingthe ALPA for HBA #1 in the LIFA frame but will not add the ALPA to theLIRP frame since HBA #1 is in another isolation zone. The router logicin Loop Switch ASIC #2 will format bits to logically OR with the LIFAframe. In this example, the bits corresponding to the ALPA's for Disks#1 and #2 will be set to reserve those ALPA's but it will not modify theLIRP frame since the other disks are in a separate LIP isolation zone.

The Loop Switch will detect the port that contains the LIM relative toeach Loop Switch ASIC and connect the router in each Loop Switch ASICbetween the LIM port and the other ports in the initialization loop. (Inthis case Disk #3 became the LIM) As the LIFA frame passes through therouter in Loop Switch ASIC #1, HBA #1's ALPA bit is OR'ed in and the CRCis recalculated. As the LIFA frame passes through the router in LoopSwitch ASIC #2, it will be modified by the router, OR'ing in all ALPA'sfor both Disk #1 and Disk #2.

As the LIRP frame passes through the router in each Loop Switch ASIC, itis not modified.

The loop initialization cycle concludes with the LILP frame and CLSordered set being circulated around the loop.

When the Loop Switch ASIC detects the initialization is complete, therouter will allow the isolated ports to participate with the main systemagain.

Loop Switch ASIC #2 will then detect that the LIP Zone #2 1428, 1528cycle is complete and will initiate the LIP Zone #1 1429, 1529 loopinitialization cycle.

5.12 CPU Port Interface

5.12.1 CPU Port Description and Operation

There are situation in which in band communication needs to take placebetween switches and remote Fibre Channel devices such as RAIDcontrollers when the Loop Switch is contained in an SBOD configuration.The cpu_port is a Fibre Channel MAC, the encoder/decoder or link side isconnected to the Loop Switch crossbar switch. This is then accessed asan additional port. The CPU Port will look like another device sittingon a Loop Switch port. In which the 23rd or additional port can beconfigured to be a device, tree, or string port like any other portalong with all other port functionality.

A transmit engine is used to send data to commands out of the FCinterfaces. Firmware will create the frame or packet in RAM. It willconfigure and load the data from RAM to the CPU Port transmit buffer.The buffer is large enough to hold an entire FC frame (2112 bytepayload). An interrupt will go back to the processor to indicate whenthe transmit is completed. CRC will be created and sent out with theframe. The CPU port transmit buffer will be accessible through theparallel or I²C interface.

The receive engine will handle frames and packets that are sent to theCPU port. The buffer is large enough to hold an entire FC frame (2112byte payload). CRC will be checked when the frame arrives. An interruptwill go back to the processor to indicate when a frame has been receivedand when the frame has been read out. The CPU port receive buffer willbe accessible through the parallel or I²C interface.

In the transmit engine the processor moves data into the transmit FIFOin the CPU Port, see FIG. 26. This is accomplished by first writing azero to the Tx FIFO Pointer register 1602. This sets the FIFO pointeraddress to zero. Next, write the data to the Data Port register 1603.The data that is being written to the FIFO is writing to a two word wideFIFO which means that data is not written to the FIFO until two wordshave been sent. So even if there are an odd number of words beingwritten a dummy write of 32′h0 needs to be done to load in the last twowords 1611. The first and last words sent are the system SOF and EOFdelimiters. The definitions of the system delimiters are below. A validSOF delimiter would be 32′h2e000000 and a valid EOF would be32′h41000000. After the DMA transfer is complete, set the Send Frame bitin the Control Register to send the frame to the switch core 1605.

In the Receive engine the processor reads data from CPU port to RAM. Aninterrupt will occur upon a frame being rx'ed in the Rx FIFO. The RxFIFO Pointer register should be read to determine the length of the Rxframe 1613. The Rx Pointer register then needs to be written a zero topreload the data for reading 1612. The first and last words in the framewill be the specially encoded system SOF and EOF delimiters.

5.13 Port Management Functions

5.13.1 Port Control

Port control functions include beaconing, forcing a port insertion orbypass, setting policies, transmitting ordered sets into the port orloop and capturing ordered sets on the port.

5.13.2 Port Status

Port status functions include port initialization state, GBIC/SFPstatus, transceiver operational status as well as the ordered setdetection capability on a per port basis.

5.13.3 Ordered Set Detection

Ordered set detection is constantly occurring with Port DetectorRegister. This register is cleared on read or by writing to the ClearStatus Register bit in the Port Control Register. For a management cardto do a detection cycle, it would clear the Detector register, wait foran amount of time to sample the data stream and then read DetectorRegister.

5.13.4 User Match Functions

The User Match functions provide another mechanism for detecting what isoccurring on the loop or a port. The User Match functions include theability to search for a particular ordered set, search for any orderedset that doesn't have a predefined detector bit, count the number ofordered sets that match the search criteria and capture an ordered setthat matches the search criteria.

The first function, search for a particular ordered set is accomplishedby setting up the User Ordered Set Match register with the ordered setto look for and setting the User Match Enable bit in the Port Controlregister. If a match occurs, the User Match bit in the Port DetectorRegister is set. Optional bits that can also be set are the Match3x bitand one or more of the Match Mask bits. The Match3x bit forces the logicto see three consecutive ordered sets that match the search criteriabefore setting the User Match bit. This is to allow the search for FCPrimitive Sequences. The Match Mask bits allow the user to make any ofthe bits in the ordered set don't cares. This provides for the abilityto search for any SOF, for example, without regard to what type of SOFit might be or to search for any OPN regardless of the source ordestination ALPA.

The second function is the ability to search for ordered sets that don'thave a predefined bit in the detector register. This is done by settingthe match_othr bit and the User Match Enable bit. The User Ordered SetMatch register is not used for this function. When an ordered set isreceived that is not a LIP, OPN, CLS, RRDY, ARB, IDLE, SOF or EOF, theUser Match bit is set. Note that if the ordered set that is received isa Point-to-Point OS (i.e. OLS, NOS, LR or LRR), the Match, Unknown OSand Pt-Pt Primitive bits are set in the Port Detector register. If thereceived OS is anything else, the Match (usr_match_detect) and UnknownOS Detect (unk_os_detect) bit are set. Note that the match3x flag isignored when the Match Other bit is set.

The next two functions occur anytime either of the first two functionsare enabled. The Port Match Count register counts each occurrence of amatch. Note the counter counts each ordered set, even if the Match 3xbit is set. If only two consecutive ordered sets are received that matchthe User Ordered Set Match register, the count is incremented by two,but the detector bit is not seen unless a third OS is received. TheMatch Counter is cleared only when the Match Enable bit is written tothe Port Control register and continues to count until the bit iscleared.

The Port Capture Ordered Set register is used to record the FIRSTordered set that matches the search criteria. Again this function doesnot use the Match3x bit. This function can be used to see what orderedset caused the setting of the User Match (usrm_en)bit. This function ismost interesting when using the Match Mask bits or when using the MatchOther bit.

Another function of the User Match registers is to inject an internalparity error upon detection of a user match. This function allowssoftware error handling routines to be exercised.

5.13.5 Ordered Set Transmission

Ordered set transmission is accomplished by writing the desired orderedset to the Port User Ordered Set Transmit Registers along with thecontrol bits in that register to set the method to use in sending theordered sets. The ‘S’ bit controls whether to continuously send thegiven ordered set or just send it 1-15 times. (Control of the number ofOrdered Sets to send is via the Port Control Register #2 Bits.) The ‘I’bit controls whether to immediately send the ordered set(s) or wait andreplace only fill words. The ‘M’ bit allows the user to define aparticular ordered set to look for in the receive data stream, using theUser Ordered Set Match register, and replace this ordered set with thenew one defined in the User Ordered Set Transmit register. The ‘F’ actsa little differently in that it doesn't use the data fields in the UserOrdered Set Transmit register, but looks for ordered sets that match theUser Ordered Set Match register and replaces them with the current fillword.

To send an ordered set, the lower word must be written first followed bythe upper word with the TX Enable (xmit_os_reg) bit set. To change toanother transmit word, the new lower word is written and then the newupper word is written, again with the TX Enable bit set. When the upperword write is complete, the Loop Switch synchronously changes to the newword. To stop transmission of the user word, the upper word is writtenwith the TX Enable bit cleared. The Loop Switch synchronously terminatesthe transmission when the register write is complete.

Note that if the port is inserted in the loop, the transmission ofordered sets replaces the ordered sets that would normally be sent. Ifthe port is not inserted the normal IDLE or ARB characters that wouldhave been transmitted are replaced with the given ordered set. When therequested transmission is complete, the normal data stream is resumed.

An example of using the transmit capability on an operating loop wouldbe to send a Mark character around the loop to detect which LoopSwitches are connected together. The User Ordered Set Match and the UserOrdered Set Transmit registers would be loaded with the Mark character.The ‘E’, ‘S’ and the ‘F’ bits would be set in the User Ordered SetTransmit register as well. This would send the Mark character once (ifcount set to one) by replacing a fill word and when the Mark comes backaround and is detected by the match function, it would be removed.

5.13.6 GBIC/SFP Status and Control

The port status and control registers allow the management card toaccess the status pins of the GBIC/SFP as well and the control pins. Thestatus includes receiver loss of signal (RX_LOS), transmitter fault(TX_FAULT) and the Mod_Def pins that indicate the type of GBIC or SFPinstalled. The only control signal for the GBIC/SFP is the transmitdisable pin.

5.13.7 GBIC/SFP Serial ID

The Loop Switch provides a mechanism to read serial ID data from anattached GBIC/SFP that supports the I²C interface. Two microprocessoraccessible registers are defined that assist the Loop Switch in readingthe EEPROM. The first register is an address register that indicateswhere the next access to the EEPROM is to occur. The second register isa 16-bit data register that the serial ID data is read into. After resetor after a GBIC or SFP is inserted into the Loop Switch, the Loop Switchpauses for 2 seconds to allow the GBIC/SFP internal logic to settle to aknown state and then automatically reads the first 2 bytes from the GBICand put them into the data register, the Loop Switch then sets theSerial ID Ready bit in the Port Status Register #2. The microprocessorcan then read the GBIC/SFP Serial ID Data Register to get the data,which in turn causes the Loop Switch to read the next 2 words. Themicroprocessor could also write a different address into the GBIC/SFPRead Address Register and then do the read of the data register thatcauses the Loop Switch to read data from the new location. The micromust set the address first and then do the data register read to causethe Loop Switch to read from the proper location. Note that the GBICRead Address Register shouldn't be modified unless the Serial ID Readybit is set in the Port Status Register #2 to prevent the corruption ofthe address during the read process.

Note that the data is read from the GBIC/SFP one byte at a time. It alsodoes the read using a fully compliant I²C protocol to prevent theproblems seen with reading Finisar GBICs.

5.13.8 Error Counters

Each port maintains frame CRC error and bad transmission word counters.Bad transmission characters are detected within the 10b/8b decode logic.If bad characters are detected within a 40-bit word, the counter isincremented by 1. The CRC is calculated for each frame that is detectedon the receiver of the port. The CRC is calculated and verified on a16-bit data path at the receiver of each port. Both counters stick attheir maximum value and are cleared by a read from the microprocessor.Along with the detection of a CRC error, the Loop Switch saves the loworder byte of the S_ID of the last frame that had the error in the CRCError ALPA Register. This can be used to determine the ALPA of theframe's source node. This information can be used to determine where abad link might exist.

Each port also maintains an 8 bit counter for both port insertions andloop up state changes. The loop up counter is maintained in each port toallow the ports to be hard zoned and still maintain a loop up counterfor each zone.

Another error detection function is the ability to capture the number ofthe first port that generates a LIP. This can be used to determine is aparticular port is experiencing problems that require frequent loopinitializations to occur.

5.13.9 Port Monitoring Mode

The router logic has registers called the Switch Matrix ControlRegisters. These registers allow a management entity to configure anyport to be a monitoring port. This monitoring port can be connected tothe receiver of any port, including the expansion port or the receiverof the monitoring port itself. This capability allows a particular portto be set aside as an analyzer port where a FC protocol analyzer can beplugged in. The management card ‘moves’ the analyzer from port to portto discover what is happening. Note that whenever the Switch MatrixControl register takes over control of a port, that port's bypass LEDstarts blinking to indicate manual control is in effect.

5.13.10 Port External Loopback

A port can be placed in monitoring mode, as explained above, where theport is monitoring itself. In this case, the port is operating in aloopback mode where anything received on the port is sent back out itstransmitter. An administrator can test a link to the Loop Switch beforeactually allowing it to be inserted into the loop using this mode. Withthe port in loopback, the loop segment connected to the port completesloop initialization, if the link is good. With the diagnostics of theLoop Switch, the administrator can verify the loop is operational andthen put the port into the loop.

5.13.11 Frequency Check Circuit

The frequency check circuit is implemented within the elasticity buffer.This circuit is a word counter that is used to determine the timebetween inserts/deletes within the elasticity buffer. The counter is 16bits with the upper bit specifying whether the upstream node is higheror lower in frequency. A one in the 16^(th) bit denotes that theupstream node frequency is higher and a zero denotes the upstream nodefrequency is lower. The remaining 15 bits count the frequency deltabetween inserts or deletes. A count value less than approximately 10,000decimal (2710 hex) signifies a frequency delta outside the specifiedrange (plus or minus 100 PPM=200 PPM). The counter value is loaded intothe processor accessible register every 752.94 microseconds and thenreinitialized to start a new sample. The sample period is enabled on thefirst insert/delete after the read, then disabled on the secondinsert/delete.

The clock tolerance of a Fibre Channel transmitter is +/−100 parts permillion. If one of the transmitters is transmitting at the slow end ofthe tolerance range and the other is transmitting at the fast end of thetolerance range, the maximum allowable difference between the two clockswould be 200 parts per million. The ideal frequency of a Fibre Channeltransmitter is 1062500 Kbps and so 200 ppm would be a difference of 200KBPS. This corresponds to one transmission word every 5,000 words or oneword every 10,000 half-words (the elastic-store portion of the designuses a 16 bit internal data path while the reset of the ASIC uses a 32bit path). Since the counter increments every half-word, the allowablelimit would be 10,000. Values 0x8000 or 1x0000 in this register indicatethat an insert or delete did not occur since the last read of theregister, again indicating that the two clocks are well within spec.

For clocks that are very close to the same frequency, a prescalercircuit allows the counter to track the longer times between insertionsor deletions by changing the resolution of the lsb of the frequencycounter. The counter works in exactly the same way as described aboveexcept that the value reported in the frequency counter must beprocessed to account for the prescaler setting.

5.13.12 Port Operational Policies

The Loop Switch ASIC has many automatic features that may or may not bedesirable in a particular installation. These policies are loaded viathe EEPROM policy bits. Because of this, several of the Loop Switch'sfeatures have management overrides built in. These overrides arecontained in the Port Configuration Register. A management station canset one or more of these policy flags to disable an undesired function,on a per port basis. With the exception of TINMAN, all policies areindependent.

Port Insertion on word sync (TINMAN): This mode allows a port to beinserted if a signal is present on the receive inputs that the chip cansync to. No checks are made to insure that the data received is goodother than it contains comma characters. Disables all other policiesexcept byp_no_comma when enabled. The initial state is set by the Policybit[0] in the EEPROM.

Disable attached device discovery (SEOC): At port insertion time, a portattempts to determine what type of device is connected by sendingvarious signals to the device. If this signaling causes interoperabilityproblems, setting this policy disables it. The initial state is set bythe Policy bit[1] in the EEPROM.

Port Bypass on LIPf8 presence (byp on lipf8): Anytime a port detectsLIPf8 ordered sets, it changes them to LIPf7s and lets them be passedaround the loop. When the LIPf7 has made it back to the port, the portis bypassed and the loop is allowed to proceed through the normalinsertion process. Setting this policy flag disables the LIPf8substitution and subsequent bypass. The initial state is set by thePolicy bit[2] in the EEPROM.

Port bypass on no data (byp no comma): Anytime a port detects that it isnot passing ordered sets that contain a comma character for more than100 us, the port is bypassed and remains that way until the port canpass the insertion criteria. Setting this policy flag disables the check& subsequent bypass. The initial state is set by the Policy bit[3] inthe EEPROM.

LIP on port bypass(lip on byp): When a port is bypassed, the Loop Switchforces a LIPf7 into the loop to guarantee that all devices on the looprecognize the change in the loop configuration. Setting this policydisables the LIP generation and the port simply is removed from theloop. NOTE: LIPf7 is not generated if TINMAN policy is active. Theinitial state is set by the Policy bit[4] in the EEPROM.

LIP on port insertion(lip on ins): When a port is inserted into theloop, the Loop Switch forces a LIPf7 into the loop to guarantee that alldevices on the loop recognize the change in the loop configuration.Setting this policy disables the LIP generation and simply inserts theport into the loop. This allows the mixing of current devices thatfollow the FC-AL1 initialization protocol with future devices that maynot chose to follow the older protocol. NOTE: LIPf7 is not generated ifTINMAN policy is active. The initial state is set by the Policy bit[5]in the EEPROM.

Disable cascade hardware load balancing (dis balance): When multipletrunks are connected between Loop Switches, setting this bit disableshardware detection of initiators for load-balancing of the trunks.Software assigned load balancing of connections is still enabled.

5.13.13 ALPA to Port Map

The Loop Switch executes a device discovery process that maps allexisting ALPAs to the ports on the Loop Switch. This mapping isavailable in the Router's Port ALPA Registers for use by a managemententity to create a topology map.

5.13.14 Traffic Patterns

Traffic patterns are determined by maintaining a OPN port bit mapregister for each port. When a connection is made between 2 ports, theregister for the port sourcing the OPN is updated by setting the bitcorresponding to the destination port. In addition, each port saves thedestination ALPA when a connection is made. The port bit map register iscleared by a read from the microprocessor.

5.13.15 Port/Loop Segment Utilization Measurement

Each Loop Switch port has a register set that is used to provide anindication of the port utilization. This measurement is done in one oftwo ways. In loop Loop Switch mode the measurement is of the amount offrame data that passing the port. In switching mode, the measurement isof the percentage of time the port is involved in a connection,regardless of the amount of data that is being sent.

In loop mode, one of the registers is continuously counting transmissionwords while another register is counting transmission words between aSOF and an EOF. When the 1^(st) counter reaches terminal count, the mostsignificant bits of the 2^(nd) register are stored off as arepresentation of the percentage of the traffic that carried actual datapayloads. This stored off value can be sampled by the CPU every ˜240 ms.

In switching mode the operation is similar except instead of countingtransmission words between an SOF and an EOF, the 2^(nd) counter iscounting transmission words while the connection is up on the port.

The 2 counters are 24 bit counters with the 1^(st) counting up to0xC80000 and the top 8 bits of the second counter being the measure ofutilization. This 8-bit value is stored in a CPU readable register andrepresent utilization in 0.5% increments.

5.13.16 Port Overlapping Hard Zoning (Segmenting Mode Only)

Connections between ports can be disabled using the destination disableregisters. A register exists for each port and masks the valid bit inthe ALPA-to-port registers during lookup. The microcontroller must writethese registers before completion of port discovery to insureconnections are not made when the switched mode is enabled. If a devicerequests a connection to a port and access to the port is disabled, thenode that sent the OPN receives it back. Note that the same actionsoccur if the ALPA does not exist.

5.13.17 Raw Data Snoop Port

A secondary function of the port logic is that it can be configured as asnoop port that can be connected to any of the receive ports of the LoopSwitch chip. In this mode, the decoded transmission words from a port gothrough the switch matrix and the data stream is presented at the snoopport's transmitter. The port in this mode can be used as a debuggingtool by connecting the port to a logic analyzer and viewing the raw dataoutput of any port. The switch control register is used to select whichport to snoop. NOTE: A limitation of the snoop port is that any R_RDYOrdered sets received after the OPN but before the connection hasactually been established is not reflected to the snoop port.

5.14 Loop Switch Management Functions

5.14.1 Input Data Signals

The frame extraction logic also has the ability to filter data frames byreplacing the EOF_(x) with an EOF_(a), corrupting the CRC or replacingthe entire frame with the last fill word. External logic provides a“filter frame” command and the receiver port number of the frame that isto be filtered. Logic inside the ASIC will route the filter command tothe appropriate transmitter. Note this filter frame command is timecritical as the transmitter filters out either the current or next frameit sees after the filter command.

5.15 Loop Switch Management Functions

5.15.1 Environmental Monitoring

The Loop Switch has two environmental monitoring functions. The first isan input for an over-temperature sensor. This is a single signal inputthat indicates that the enclosure temperature has an externallyconfigured threshold. The second function is a set of 4 inputs thatindicate whether there has been a fan failure in the enclosure. The LoopSwitch illuminates the environmental alert LED if either of thesefunctions has a failure and reports the failure condition in the RouterStatus Register #3 for reporting to a management entity. This alsocauses an interrupt to be generated to the management card, if present.

5.15.2 Loopstate Detection and LED

The Loop Switch has two separate methods of tracking the state of theloop. In the first method, each port has a state machine that tracksprogress through loop initialization. This state is reported in thePort's Status Register #1. This information is provided for the casewhere ports are partitioned into zones and reporting on each of thezone's loopstate is needed.

In the second method, the router also has a state machine that tracksprogress of the loop initialization. This state machine is in the logicthat accomplishes the port discovery process. The loopstate in therouter state machine is used to drive the Loop Switch's Loop Up LED. Inhard-zoned mode, the Loop Up LED reflects the status of zone 0.

5.15.3 Loop Initialization

The Loop Switch can reset the loop by writing to the RouterConfiguration Register. This can be used if a Loop Switchreconfiguration is necessary to guarantee the change is seen. Thiscapability only applies when non-overlapping hard zones are not used inhub emulation mode, and when LIP isolation is not selected in switching(segmenting) mode.

5.16 FC Port Interfaces

5.16.1 GBIC/SFP Pins

The Loop Switch supports all the status and control pins of the standardGBIC and SFP. This includes transmit disable, transmit fault, receiverloss of signal and the mod_def pins. The Loop Switch also provides theability to access a serial ID EEPROM on any GBIC or SFP that supportsthis feature.

5.16.2 Lock-to-Reference

The Loop Switch has the internal logic to drive a Lock-to-Referencesignal for each internal transceiver. If a part that requireslock_to_ref must be used, this signal can be routed out.

5.17 System Interface

The system interface includes the locally generated clocks and the resetsignal. The Loop Switch requires a single 106.25 MHz system clock.

5.18 Microprocessor Interface

The Loop Switch is directly accessible either through an I²C interfaceor a parallel interface with 16 non-multiplexed address and data lines,RD, WR and CS.

5.18.1 Interrupt Signal

If the Loop Switch is operating in a configuration that includes amanagement entity, it generates interrupts for various configurationchanges that might be of interest to a management entity. These changesinclude:

-   -   Loop going down or coming up.    -   Insertion or removal of a GBIC/SFP.    -   Insertion or bypass of a port.    -   Insertion of a cascade to another Vixel Loop Switch. A port has        met all insertion criteria and the microprocessor can        interrogate the serial number register to see if multiple        cascades to another switching (segmenting) mode Loop Switch has        been made. Note that multiple cascades are only supported        between managed switching (segmenting) mode Loop Switches. If        everything is OK, the port is allowed to complete the insertion.    -   Environment Fault: A fan has failed or the temperature has        exceeded a predetermined point.    -   Invalid OPN ordered set received.    -   LIP ordered set received and isolated    -   Error counter threshold(s) exceeded.

The interrupt pin is an open drain signal to allow multiple LoopSwitches to drive it. The microprocessor should read the router statusregister #2 in the Loop Switch ‘00’ to determine if it is asserting theinterrupt signal. If it isn't, the microprocessor reads the other theLoop Switch's status registers. Once the proper the Loop Switch isfound, the status register indicates if a port is causing theinterrupting condition. If it is, the microprocessor must read the PortError/Change Status Register to see what the interrupting condition is.If the router were causing the interrupt, its status register wouldindicate one of the other interrupting conditions.

Interrupt mask registers are provided for each interrupt statusregister. These mask registers enable all interrupts by default.

5.18.2 I²C Serial Interface

An I²C interface is used to manage the circuitry deployed around theSOC422.

5.18.3 Parallel Processor Interface

In addition to the I²C interface, The Loop Switch provides a sixteen bitasynchronous parallel interface.

5.19 Serial EEPROM Interface

The serial EEPROM is used to store the power on reset configurationinformation for the Loop Switch. An internal state machine reads theconfiguration after each reset and stores the information in variousregisters in the Loop Switch. If the external EEPROM_pres pin is pulledto a logic high, the ASIC assumes no EEPROM is present and skips theprom loading process.

6. Register Definitions For Vixel SOC 422 Loop Switch

6.1 Router Register Definitions

Register Description Configuration Register R/W Control Register #1 R/WControl Register #2 R/W Remove Connection/OPN #1 R/W RemoveConnection/OPN #2 R/W Stall Threshold R/W SEOC USER2 SEOC USER1 RW RTRSW Matrix Configuration Register R/W Port Active (15-0) R Reserved PortActive (22-16) NA Switch Matrix Control Registers Port 1 Port 0 R/W Port3 Port 2 R/W Port 5 Port 4 R/W Port 7 Port 6 R/W Port 9 Port 8 R/W Port11 Port 10 R/W Port 13 Port 12 R/W Port 15 Port 14 R/W Port 17 Port 16R/W Port 19 Port 18 R/W Port 21 Port 20 R/W Reserved CPU Port SwitchMatrix Select Registers Port 1 Port 0 R Port 3 Port 2 R Port 5 Port 4 RPort 7 Port 6 R Port 9 Port 8 R Port 11 Port 10 R Port 13 Port 12 R Port15 Port 14 R Port 17 Port 16 R Port 19 Port 18 R Port 21 Port 20 RReserved CPU Port R/W Reserved LED_update_timer R/W Reservedrem_conn_cnt R/W Ports Unfair [ports 15:0] NA Reserved Ports Unfair[22:16] NA Port 15-0 Interrupt Status R Reserved Interrupt Status(22-16) NA Status Register #1 R Status Register #2 R Status Register #3R Status Register #4 R Block_ALPA Loop Up Counter R Port 3 LED Port 2LED Port 1 LED Port 0 LED R/W OVRD OVRD OVRD OVRD Port 7 LED Port 6 LEDPort 5 LED Port 4 LED R/W OVRD OVRD OVRD OVRD Port 11 LED Port 10 LEDPort 9 LED Port 8 LED R/W OVRD OVRD OVRD OVRD Port 15 LED Port 14 LEDPort 13 LED Port 12 LED R/W OVRD OVRD OVRD OVRD Port 19 LED Port 18 LEDPort 17 LED Port 16 LED R/W OVRD OVRD OVRD OVRD Reserved Port 21 LEDPort 20 LED R/W OVRD OVRD Router Control Register #3 R/W System LEDOverrides R/W Router Interrupt Mask R/W Port Fairness Control R/WVariable Priority Timer Register R/W User I/O Direction Register R/WUser I/O Register R/W FPGA Revision R Overlapping Zone Control(Upper_page_select = 0000) Port 0 Overlapping Hard Zone Control (Ports15-0) R/W Port 0 Overlapping Hard Zone Control (Ports 31-16) R/W . . .Port XX Overlapping Zone Control (Ports 15-0) R/W Port XX OverlappingZone Control (Ports 31-16) R/W Opened Port Map (Upper_page_select =0001) Opened Port Map (Ports (15-0) - Port 0 R Opened Port Map (Ports31-16) - Port 0 R . . . Opened Port Map (Ports (15-0) - Port XX R OpenedPort Map (Ports 31-16) - Port XX R ALPA Port Map (Upper_page_select =0010) Port for ALPA 0x01 Port for ALPA 0x00 R/W . . R/W . . . . ReservedPort for ALPA 0xEF R/W ALPA Position Map (Upper_page_select = 0011) ALPAPosition 1 Offset Byte R . . R . . . . ALPA Position 127 ALPA position126 R EEPROM (Upper_page_select = 0100) Local Serial Number Upper(EEPROM Bits [15:0]) R/W Local Serial Number Middle (EEPROM Bits[31:16]) R/W Loop Switch Configuration Serial Number Lower R/W (EEPROMBits[47:40]) (EEPROM Bits [39:32]) Reserved Reserved NA Reserved MiscSystem Configuration Bits R/W Date Code (EEPROM Bits[95:80]) R/WNon-Overlapping Hard Zone Map Ports [3:0] R/W Non-Overlapping Hard ZoneMap Ports [7:4] R/W Non-Overlapping Hard Zone Map Ports [11:8] R/WNon-Overlapping Hard Zone Map Ports [15:12] R/W Non-Overlapping HardZone Map Ports [19:16] R/W Reserved Non-Overlapping H. Zone R/W MapPorts [22:20] SerDes/Selftest Enable Ports [15:0] R/W ReservedSerDes/Selftest R/W Enables Ports [21:16] SEEPROM Calculated CRC (bits15:0) R SEEPROM Caclulated CRC (bits 31:16) R Reserved LIM WWN [63:48] RLIM WWN [47:32] R LIM WWN [31:16] R LIM WWN [15:0] R Duplicate CascadeLoad Balancing (Upper_page_select = 0101) SW Override of Initiators #0(bit ordered per LixA frames) R\W SW Override of Initiators #1 (bitordered per LixA frames) R\W SW Override of Initiators #2 (bit orderedper LixA frames) R\W SW Override of Initiators #3 (bit ordered per LixAframes) R\W SW Override of Initiators #4 (bit ordered per LixA frames)R\W SW Override of Initiators #5 (bit ordered per LixA frames) R\W SWOverride of Initiators #6 (bit ordered per LixA frames) R\W SW Overrideof Initiators #7 (bit ordered per LixA frames) R Hardware DetectedInitiators #0 (bit ordered per LixA frames) R Hardware DetectedInitiators #1 (bit ordered per LixA frames) R Hardware DetectedInitiators #2 (bit ordered per LixA frames) R Hardware DetectedInitiators #3 (bit ordered per LixA frames) R Hardware DetectedInitiators #4 (bit ordered per LixA frames) R Hardware DetectedInitiators #5 (bit ordered per LixA frames) R Hardware DetectedInitiators #6 (bit ordered per LixA frames) R Hardware DetectedInitiators #7 (bit ordered per LixA frames) R reserved #0 Assigned TrunkReserved #0 Trunkset Primary R\W Port Port reserved #0 Initiator's AlpaR\W reserved #1 Assigned Trunk Reserved #1 Trunkset Primary R\W PortPort reserved #1 Initiator's Alpa R\W reserved #2 Assigned TrunkReserved #2 Trunkset Primary R\W Port Port reserved #2 Initiator's AlpaR\W reserved #3 Assigned Trunk Reserved #3 Trunkset Primary R\W PortPort reserved #3 Initiator's Alpa R\W reserved #4 Assigned TrunkReserved #4 Trunkset Primary R\W Port Port reserved #4 Initiator's AlpaR\W reserved #5 Assigned Trunk Reserved #5 Trunkset Primary R\W PortPort reserved #5 Initiator's Alpa R\W reserved #6 Assigned TrunkReserved #6 Trunkset Primary R\W Port Port reserved #6 Initiator's AlpaR\W reserved #7 Assigned Trunk Reserved #7 Trunkset Primary R\W PortPort reserved #7 Initiator's Alpa R\W reserved #8 Assigned TrunkReserved #8 Trunkset Primary R\W Port Port Reserved #8 Initiator's AlpaR\W . . . . . . . . . . . . reserved #22 Assigned Trunk Reserved #22Trunkset R\W Port Primary Port Reserved #22 Initiator's Alpa R\Wreserved #23 Assigned Trunk Reserved #23 Trunkset R\W Port Primary Portreserved #23 Initiator's Alpa R\W Learned Port ALPA Map(Upper_page_select = 0110) Port for ALPA 0x01 Port for ALPA 0x00 R/W . .R/W . . . . Reserved Port for ALPA 0xEF R/W Misc Controls(Upper_page_select = 0111) Reserved Probe Mux Select A R/W ReservedProbe Mux Select B R/W R Utility Timer 0 Current Value(Write preload isfor R/W simulation only) x Utility Timer 0 Maximum Count R/W R UtilityTimer 1 Current Value(Write preload is for R/W simulation only) xUtility Timer 1 Maximum Count R/W R Utility Timer 2 Current Value(Writepreload is for R/W simulation only) x Utility Timer 2 Maximum Count R/WClose Count on Destination ALPA [15:0] R/W Reserved Close count DestALPA (22-16) R/W PLL control register R/W ALPA 04 ALPA 02 ALPA 01 ALPA00 R/W OPN_max OPN_max OPN_max OPN_max . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Reserved ALPA EF ALPA E8 ALPA E4 R/W OPN_maxOPN_max OPN_max LIP Isolation Controls/LIFA Map (Upper_page_select =1000) Stealth Isolation Control Register #1 R/W Stealth IsolationControl Register #2 R/W Stop Traffic Control, Ports 15:0 R/W StealthCycle Interval Reserved Stop Traffic Ctrl, Ports R/W 22:16 StatusRegister #5 (Stealth Interrupt Status) R Mask Register for StatusRegister #5 R/W Stealth Timeout Register R Status Register #6 (StealthState) R Stealth LIP Inter-Switch Frame Transmit Payload Registers R/WStealth LIP Inter-Switch Frame Receive Payload Registers R LIFAModification ALPA Bit Map, Word 0, bits 15:0 R/W LIFA Modification ALPABit Map, Word 0, bits 31:16 R/W LIFA Modification ALPA Bit Map, Word 1,bits 15:0 R/W LIFA Modification ALPA Bit Map, Word 1, bits 31:16 R/WLIFA Modification ALPA Bit Map, Word 2, bits 15:0 R/W LIFA ModificationALPA Bit Map, Word 2, bits 31:16 R/W LIFA Modification ALPA Bit Map,Word 3, bits 15:0 R/W LIFA Modification ALPA Bit Map, Word 3, bits 31:16R/W LIP Isolation LIRP Modification Map (Upper_page_select = 1001)1^(st) ALPA for LIRP LIRP ALPA Count R/W 3^(rd) ALPA for LIRP 2^(nd)ALPA for LIRP R/W . . R/W . . . . 126^(th) ALPA for LIRP 125^(th) ALPAfor LIRP R/W Route-Blocking Groups, 7-0 (Upper_page_select = 1010)Route-Blocking Group 0, Bits [15:0] R/W Route-Blocking Group 0, Bits[31:16] R/W Route-Blocking Group 0, Bits [47:32] R/W Route-BlockingGroup 0, Bits [63:48] R/W Route-Blocking Group 0, Bits [79:64]Route-Blocking Group 0, Bits [95:80] R/W Route-Blocking Group 0, Bits[111:96] R/W Route-Blocking Group 0, Bits [127:112] R/W Route-BlockingGroup 1, Bits [15:0] R/W Route-Blocking Group 1, Bits [31:16] R/WRoute-Blocking Group 1, Bits [47:32] R/W Route-Blocking Group 1, Bits[63:48] R/W Route-Blocking Group 1, Bits [79:64] R/W Route-BlockingGroup 1, Bits [95:80] R/W Route-Blocking Group 1, Bits [111:96] R/WRoute-Blocking Group 1, Bits [127:112] R/W Route-Blocking Group 2, Bits[15:0] R/W . . . . . . Route-Blocking Group 7, Bits [127:112] R/WRoute-Blocking Groups, 15-8 (Upper_page_select = 1011) Route-BlockingGroup 8, Bits [15:0] R/W Route-Blocking Group 8, Bits [31:16] R/WRoute-Blocking Group 8, Bits [47:32] R/W Route-Blocking Group 8, Bits[63:48] R/W Route-Blocking Group 8, Bits [79:64] Route-Blocking Group 8,Bits [95:80] R/W Route-Blocking Group 8, Bits [111:96] R/WRoute-Blocking Group 8, Bits [127:112] R/W Route-Blocking Group 9, Bits[15:0] R/W Route-Blocking Group 9, Bits [31:16] R/W Route-Blocking Group9, Bits [47:32] R/W Route-Blocking Group 9, Bits [63:48] R/WRoute-Blocking Group 9, Bits [79:64] R/W Route-Blocking Group 9, Bits[95:80] R/W Route-Blocking Group 9, Bits [111:96] R/W Route-BlockingGroup 9, Bits [127:112] R/W Route-Blocking Group 10, Bits [15:0] R/W . .. . . . Route-Blocking Group 11, Bits [127:112] R/W LIP Isolation ZoneControl (Upper_page_select = 1100) Port 0 LIP Isolation Group ControlR/W Port 1 LIP Isolation Group Control R/W . . . Port 18 LIP IsolationGroup Control R/W Port 19 LIP Isolation Group Control R/W Port 20 LIPIsolation Group Control R/W Port 21 LIP Isolation Group Control R/W CPUPort LIP Isolation Group Control R/W Generic Interswitch Frame Buffers(Upper_page_select = 1101) Stealth Inter-Switch Frame Header RegistersR/W Stealth Generic Inter-Switch Frame Transmit Payload Registers R/WStealth Generic Inter-Switch Frame Receive Payload Registers R6.1.1 Router Configuration Register

The bits in the configuration register are operating modes that are setonce/changed infrequently.

Bits Field Name Description 15 on_line When set this bit enables a LoopSwitch to go from the startup mode to the operational mode. When clear,this bit holds off the Loop Switch from becoming operational until themanagement card has had a chance to reconfigure it, if necessary. Usedonly if a management card is present. 14 smd_dis Disable switch modeoperation. 13 discvr_dis Disable device discovery. When this bit is set,device discovery does not take place during loop initialization. 12Reserved 11 fast_time Bit controls whether internal timers are driven bya normal timer tick or an accelerated one for simulations. 10up_filt_dis I²C glitch filter disable. Only used for simulation. 9-6Upper_page_select Select active function for upper portion of RouterRegister map NOTE: Upper pages are normally controlled via RAR UpperByte. These bits are mainly for preexisting simulation compatibility.0000 - Hard Zone Control Active 0001 - Opened Port Map 0010 - Alpa PortMap 0011 - Alpa Position Map 0100 - EEPROM Data Map 0101 - Load BalanceControl Map 0110 - Learned Port ALPA Map 0111 - Misc Controls Map 1000 -LIP Isolation Controls/LIFA Map 1001 - LIP Isolation Manipulated LIRPMAP 1010 - Route Blocking Groups 0 to 7 1011 - Route Blocking Groups 8to 15 1100 - Lip Isolation Zone Control 1101 - Generic Interswitch FrameBuffers  5 force_smd_en Force switch mode enable. Setting this bitforces Loop Switch into switch mode operation. It is assumed that theALPA-to- port map registers have been loaded to allow switch mode. NOTE:This bit should not be set until Loop Switch_rdy bit in Router StatusRegister #1 is set. Also, this bit is for test purposes only. 4:3Fault/selftest_control These bits control the fault and selftestfunctions of the Loop Switch. 00 - normal mode, selftest starts afterEEPROM read correctly with valid CRC 01 - fault override, override bothselftest and EEPROM CRC faults and continue operation 10 - generatefault, force a Loop Switch fault that disables Loop Switch operation andturn on the Loop Switch Fault LED 11 - run selftest, run the selftest 1time whenever the control bits are first changed to 11.  2 loopbackInternal Loopback mode. Causes internal loopback pin to transceivers tobe enabled and allows a management card to do a selftest.  1lilp_update_dis When this bit is set, the ALPA map is not updated when aLILP frame is received during loop initialization.  0 pause_map_cln Whenthis bit is set the ALPA map update is paused between the steps wherethe LILP frame is used to update the remaining valid ALPAs and the stepwhere the remaining unmapped ALPAs are converted to invalid ALPAs. Thisbit is used mainly for test purposes.6.1.2 Router Control Register #1

The control register contains bits that are changed during normaloperation. These bits affect the operation of the entire LoopSwitch/router. Individual ports are controlled through the port controlregisters.

Router Control Register #1 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15frc_arb_block When this bit is set, the Loop Switch blocks all portarbitration. This is required if the microprocessor manually loads theALPA map and then forces the Loop Switch into switching mode with theforce_seg_mode bit. 14 clr_pstats Setting this bit clears all PortDetector registers at one time. This bit is self-clearing. 13global_isolate_en When set, LIP isolation behavior is individuallyselectable for each port in that port's control registers. When this bitis reset LIP isolation is totally disabled. 12-8 reinsert_port_id Thisfield identifies a port to be re-inserted when the reinsert_port bit isset.  7 block_LILP_CLS When this bit is set, and a destination port isblocked out for a source port in the overlapping hard zone controlregisters, and a valid LILP frame was received during the previousfull-hub emulation mode initialization cycle, a CLS is sent to thesource port. If not true, then the source port receives its own OPN backinstead.  6 block_force_CLS When this bit is set and a destination portis blocked out for a source port in the overlapping hard zone controlregisters, a CLS is sent back to the source port. If this is not true,then the source port receives its own OPN back instead.  5dis_string_follow When this bit is not set, traffic through a LoopSwitch, arriving on a port that is a cascade trunk defined as a stringwill go out the Loop Switch on the other port assigned to the samestring, ignoring load-balance settings. If this bit is set, the load-balance settings take precedence on the path.  4 reinsert_port When thisbit is set, a request is issued to the router to re- insert a LIPisolated port. The port to be re-inserted is identified by thereinsert_port_id field. This bit is self- clearing.  3 classic_ledSetting this bit to ‘1’ makes the LED flashing behavior match the Hydra2 behavior . . . The Activity LED flashes during switch-mode datatransactions. If this bit is set to ‘0’, the Activity LED is unused andthe GBIC LED flashes during switch-mode data transactions. The flashrate of all the LED's is controlled by the LED Update Timer Register forboth LED modes.  2 frc_leds_off Forces all LEDs off. 2^(nd) highestpriority control of LEDs after frc_leds_on.  1 frc_leds_on Forces allLEDs on. Highest priority control of LEDs.  0 init_loop When set, causesthe Loop Switch to send a LIP to re-initialize the loop. A LIP isoriginated on the port connected to the router. When the LIP returns tothat port the Loop Switch allows the loop master to take control of theloop initialization process. This bit is self-clearing. Since only onenon- overlapping hard zone can be connected to the router at a time,this feature has limited use for non-overlapping hard zone applications.NOTE: This feature is disabled if Stealth Isolation is active.

Router Control Register #1 Definition

6.1.3 Router Control Register #2

The control register contains bits that are changed during normaloperation. These bits affect the operation of the entire Loop Switch orthe router. Individual ports are controlled through the port controlregisters.

Router Control Register #1 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15-14Data_rate These pins control the data rate of the internal serdes. 00TX/RX Rate 1.06 Gbps 01 TX/RX Rate 2.12 Gbps 10 TX/RX Rate 4.24 Gbps 11TX/RX Rate Selected by pins 13 pwr_dwn_serdes_no_gbic Setting this bitwill cause each serdes to be powered down if the associated moddef pinson that port indicate no GBIC or SFP is present. When a GBIC/SFP isdetected on a port, the associated serdes will be enabled. 12dis_hw_initiator_det Setting this bit disables the hardware-basedinitiator detection function. Software load balancing is still enabled.11 Rtrim_termen Termination Trimming Enable for serdes auto-trim module.For test use only. Should always be set to 0. 10 Rtrim_pd Power-downcontrol for serdes auto-trim module. For test use only. Should always beset to 0.  9 dis_isolate_send_CLS When this bit is not set and an OPNrequest is made to a LIP- isolated destination port, a CLS is sent backto the source port. If this bit is set, a route is not established tothe destination port and the OPN is returned to the originating port.  8RESET_SYSTEM Writing a ‘1’ to this bit resets the entire ASIC. 7:4Cscd_wdog_max Cascade watchdog timeout maximum value. Watchdog to ensurethat a cascade string port does not get stuck scrubbing ARB's off thestring. LSB of value is 10 microseconds. 3:0 Delta_cnt_prescalePrescaler for delta frequency counter. See paragraph 5.13.11 for moredetails. Valid values of 0-15 set the resolution of delta counter's LSBas follows: Bits 3:0 LSB Resolution 0 ~18.8 ns (61 ppm) 1 ~37.6 ns (30ppm) 2 ~56.4 ns (15 ppm) . . . . . . 15 ~282 ns

Router Control Register #1 Definition

6.1.4 Remove Connection/Pending OPN Registers

In Remove Connection Mode:

When any of these bits are set, any existing switching connection forthe port(s) that correspond to the set bits is removed. This is usefulfor breaking deadlocked connections in the event that a CLS is nevergenerated to close the connection between two communicating devices.These bits are self-clearing. Ports 15-0 are controlled by bits 15-0respectively in Remove Connection Register #1, Ports 21-16 arecontrolled by Remove Connection Register #2. Note: Register #1 must bewritten to first, followed by a write to Register #2. The write toRemove Connection Register #2 latches in both registers to ensure theremove connect acts on all ports simultaneously.

In Remove Pending OPN mode (bit 14 of address 0x08 is ‘1’):

-   -   Only pending OPN's are removed to account for lockup conditions        when multiple ports are pending OPN's to each other.

To allow the processor to kill all connections quickly, bit 15 of RemoveConnection Register #2 is a global remove connect bit. Setting this bitwill break down every connection (or every pending OPN).

Addr Bits Description 0x06 15:0 Remove Connect/Pending OPN ports 15:00x08 15 Global Remove/Pending OPN connect, breaks all connections. 0x0814 0x08 13:6 Reserved Always returns 0 0x08  5:0 Remove Connect/PendingOPN, ports 22:166.1.5 Stall Threshold Register

This register contains the stall threshold value for port connections inswitching mode. The value in this register is used as a threshold forthe number of timer ticks that must be counted in the port stallcounters before a stall_detect interrupt is triggered in the portinterrupt status registers. The resolution of the stall counter is 10microseconds.

6.1.6 Router Local SEOC USER Register

This register contains the information that is transmitted as payload inthe SEOC exchange sequence ordered sets USER1 and USER2. Receivedinformation from remote Loop Switch devices is stored at the individualport level. If an EEPROM is present, this data is loaded from the EEPROMat reset. NOTE: The data loaded into this register must be neutraldisparity or the link will not function correctly.

6.1.7 RTR SW Matrix Configuration Register

This register configures the operation of the Router snoop port and setsthe data rate, overriding the discrete input data rate select.

Router Data Rate/SW Matrix Configuration Register Definition Bits FieldName Description 15-8 rtr_mtrx_sel Router Switch Matrix Selected. Actualsetting used by the router. If manual mode should match thertr_mtrx_ctrl. If auto mode, shows active setting.  7-0 rtr_mtrx_ctrlRouter Switch Matrix Control. Controls which port the router is tomonitor. Value should normally be left at 0x40, which enables auto modeselection. Valid entries are defined below: 00000000-00011111 Port 0-31selected 001xxxxx Router Selected 01xxxxxx Auto mode selected 1xxxxxxxReserved

Router Data Rate/SW Matrix Configuration Register Definition

6.1.8 Port Active Status Registers

The P_Active registers show the current state of the P_Active signalsfor Port's 0-21 and CPU PORT (port22).

6.1.9 Switch Matrix Control Register

These registers contain twenty 8-bit fields that indicate whether a portis running in automatic mode or is forced configured as a monitor portand its transmitter is connected to another port's receiver. When a portis in monitoring mode, its receiver is left unconnected from the switchmatrix, unless another port is configured to monitor that port. Thismode can be used to establish one or more ports as monitor ports that ananalyzer would be connected to and through management, be connected tovarious ports for diagnostic purposes.

If a port is monitoring the probe mux, care must be taken that it ismonitoring a valid data stream from the probe mux. Only pbmux[5:0]address 0x03 through 0x07 on ports 0-21 and CPU PORT(port22) are valid.Monitoring any other probe mux selection will have undefined results.

Note that the ports are in auto mode after a reset. This register can beused in both loop and Loop Switch switching mode. The following tabledefines what the various bit configurations mean for each port:

Field Value Definition 0x00-0x15 Connect to port 0-21 0x16 CPU PORT(port22) 0x17 Connect to probe mux A 0x18 Connect to probe mux B0x19-0x1f Reserved 0x20 Connect to router 0x40 Port running in auto mode(default mode) All other addresses Reserved6.1.10 Switch Matrix Select Register

This register shows the configuration of the switch matrix duringoperation. Each port's 8 bit value indicates which port the mux ismonitoring. The router logic muxes (Port #32) are located in the RTR SWMatrix Configuration register.

6.1.11 Rem conn cnt Register

This 10 bit register sets the delay that remove connect waits betweenstopping traffic via blocking ARB's and eating R_RDY's and resetting thereceive state machines of the affected ports. Each LSB is 10microseconds, with the default setting causing a 2-millisecond delay.

6.1.12 Port Unfair Registers

These registers allow ports to be set in unfair mode where the portpriority logic is bypassed. These bits are primarily used on cascadeports to allow more access.

6.1.13 Port 15-0 Interrupt Status Register

This register contains Port 15-0 interrupt status bits. If a bit in thisregister is set to one, then bit 0 in the Router Interrupt StatusRegister is set to generate an interrupt to the processor.

6.1.14 Future Port 31-23/Port 22-16 Interrupt Status Register

This register contains Port 22-16 interrupt status bits as well asreserved bits for Future Port 31-23 interrupt status bits. If a bit inthis register is set to one, then bit 1 in the Interrupt Status Registeris set to generate an interrupt to the processor.

6.1.15 Router Status Register #1

The register provides a real time snapshot of the conditions indicated.The Status Register Clear does NOT clear this control register.

Router Status Register #1 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15-14HW Rev Code 2 bit value that indicates the silicon revision. 13prom_done When set, indicates that The Loop Switch has completed readingof the startup configuration from the serial EEPROM. NOTE: If the EEPROMis not present as indicated by the discrete input signalEEPROM_present#, this bit will be also be set. 12-9  Router State BitsThe current state of the router state machine: 0x0 - waiting orverifying to enter switch mode 0x1 - wait for port request (ARB/OPN)0x2 - check for valid/blocked request 0x5 - connect ports 0x6 -port-connection wait state 0x7 - disconnect losing pending requests0x8 - wait before attempting to disconnect losing pending requests 0x9 -delay 8-7 Rate Indicates the current data rate of the Loop Switch. 00 -1 Gbps operation 01 - 2 Gbps operation 10 - 4 Gbps operation 11 - notdefined  6 hub_ready When set, indicates the Loop Switch has completedits startup process and is waiting for the management card toreconfigure it, if necessary. Used only if management card is present. 5 hub_fault Internal selftest failed. The Loop Switch goes into haltmode and prevent any port insertions from occurring.  4 Mgmt_Pres Thebit read from the serial status register. Provided for testing purposes. 3 Seg_Mode Current operating mode based on configuration EEPROM andcompletion of Loop Switch initialization and device discovery. 0 - HubEmulation Mode 1 - Switching (segmenting) Mode 2-0 Board id Board IDbits from serial status interface.6.1.16 Router Status Register #2 (Router Interrupt Status)

This register reports changes in the state of the Loop Switch. Thisincludes loop state as well as port configuration state. Any bit set inthis register causes the interrupt pin to be asserted. This register iscleared on read except for bits 0,1,2 and 8. These bits need to becleared in the corresponding interrupt status register.

Note that the management failure LED is keyed off the reading of thisstatus register. If the management present signal indicates that amanagement card exists, then a watchdog timer is activated by the firstread of this register. This timer expects that this register is thenread at least every 100 ms. If it is not, the management LED is notilluminated.

Router Status Register #2 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15Reset Complete The Loop Switch has finished its reset processing and ifManagement is present, the Loop Switch is waiting to go online. 14 LoopDown Loop state in Router Status Register #3 has gone from state ‘’100’or higher to state ‘011’ or lower. 13 Loop Up Loop state in RouterStatus Register #3 has gone from state ‘011’ to state ‘100’ or higher.12 Ext Status Active A fan fault or an over temp condition has beendetected in Router Status Register #3. 11 Frame_filt_err More than 8words have been selected on one of the frame filters. The filter will bedisabled until this error is corrected. 10 Zone_violation A zone accessviolation was detected. A device tried to access another device that wasnot within the same logical zone of the Loop Switch. (Note: Theconnection was not allowed.) 9 pdisc_error This bit is set if multipleports claim the same ALPA during full-Loop Switch loop initializtion andport discovery. 8 CPU PORT int This bit is set if the FCPM or CPU porthas an interrupt. This bit is used only if interrupt2 (cpu_port_int) isnot used. 7 seprom_crc_fail This bit is set if a CRC error is detectedwhile reading the seprom data. 6 Utility_tmr2_tick Utility timer 2 maxhas been reached. NOTE the timer rolls over and continues countingautomatically. 5 Utility_tmr1_tick Utility timer 1 max has been reached.NOTE the timer rolls over and continues counting automatically. 4Utility_tmr0_tick Utility timer 0 max has been reached. NOTE the timerrolls over and continues counting automatically. 3 Interswitch_frame Aninter-switch frame has been received 2 Stealth_Isolation An event hashappened during Stealth LIP isolation that requires processorintervention. 1 Port 22 - 16 One port in the corresponding port bankInterrupt needs attention, as indicated by a change in that Port'sError/Change Status Register. Bit 22 is the interrupt for the port thatis connected to the CPU PORT. 0 Port 15 - 0 One port in thecorresponding port bank Interrupt needs attention, as indicated by achange in that Port's Error/Change Status Register.6.1.17 Router Status Register #3

The register provides a real time snapshot of the conditions indicated.The Status Register Clear does NOT clear this control register.

Router Status Register #3 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15 LIP_Valid When set, indicates LIP_Port field is valid. This field iscleared on read. NOTE: Isolated ports are not included in last LIP'edport logic. 14-10 LIP_Port The port number that received the last LIPsince the last status register read. NOTE: Isolated ports are notincluded in last LIP'ed port logic. 9 M_Ethernet_LED Ethernet ActivityLED. This bit is latched until read. 8 Over_Temp Indicates temperaturesensor detected an over temperature condition. 7 N_fan3_ok Fan 3 not OK6 N_fan2_ok Fan 2 not OK 5 N_fan1_ok Fan 1 not OK 4 N_fan0_ok Fan 0 notOK 3-0 Loop State bits 4′h0 - IDLE: Loop Down, No port inserted 4′h1 -INIT: Loop Initializing (LIP seen) 4′h2 - OPEN_INIT: Loop Open Initstate (SOF seen) 4′hb - LINKUP: Loop and Loop Switch initializationcomplete. 4′hc - SRC_LIPS: uP is re-initializing the loop by forcingLIPs on loop. 4′hd - CLR_TMR: End of uP loop re-init phase. Notes: 1.When state changes from state 4′h2 to 4′h3 thru 4′hb, this is considereda loop up event which increments the loop up count and turns on the LoopUp LED. 2. When the state changes from states 4′h3 thru 4′hb to anyother state, this is considered a loop down event which turns off theLoop Up LED.6.1.18 Router Status Register #4

The register provides a real time snapshot of the conditions indicated.The Status Register Clear does NOT clear this control register.

Router Status Register #4 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15WWN_valid Read only bit. When this bit is set it indicates that duringthe previous loop initialization cycle the WWN of the loop master wascaptured from the last LISM frame to pass through, and is available tobe read. This bit is reset when a LIP is received by any port on thedevice. NOTE: Only valid for zone 0. 14 LILP_valid Read only bit. Whenthis bit is set it indicates that during the last loop initializationcycle a LILP frame was received and the payload is ready to be read.This bit is reset when a LIP is received by any port on the device.NOTE: Only valid for zone 0. 13 map_done Read only bit. The loopinitialization portion of port discovery has completed and some of thedata in the ALPA map registers is valid, but might not be fullyresolved. The ALPA map locations would only be fully resolved if thelilp_valid bit is set in the router status register #4 or if eachpotential device on the loop is either successfully or unsuccessfullyaccessed. NOTE: Only valid for zone 0. 12-7  Reserved 6 Force LIM PortWriting a ‘1’ to this bit forces the LIM port to maintain the valuewritten to bits 4:0 regardless of the true LIM port determined duringsubsequent loop initialization cycles. 5 EEPROM_PRES Read only bit.Monitors the status of the EEPROM present input line to allow theprocessor to determine if the ASIC has a companion EEPROM attached forinitial configuration. 4-0 Lim_port_value Contains the port value wherethe current LIM resides. NOTE: This value is only valid for ports inzone 0 where passive port discovery is performed. In zones other thanzone 0, the LIM_port bit in the Port Status Register #1 registers shouldbe checked. NOTE: A value of 0x1F in this field indicates no valid LIMport at this time. Writing to this field will set the LIM port onlyuntil the next loop initialization cycle unless the Force LIM Port (bit6) bit is set to ‘1’.6.1.19 Block ALPA/Router Loop Up Counter Register

This register combines the programmable Idle-blocking ALPA value withthe count of the number of times the loop has come up.

Router Block ALPA/Router Loop Up Counter Register Definition Bits FieldName Description 15-8  block_ALPA ARB ALPA value to use for blockingidles in switching mode. This value is reset to 0xff. 7-0 loop_up_countCount of the number of times the loop has come up. The count sticks atmaximum count and is cleared on read. This register is incremented eachtime full-Loop Switch loop initialization occurs, which can be either inloop mode, or in switching mode when LIP isolation is disabled.6.1.20 Router Control Register #3

Each bit in this register controls the functions as defined in the tablebelow.

Bits Field Name Description 15-10 Reserved 9 dis_emc_opn_lockup_rmv Whenset, disables multiple- cascade lockup detection logic for root-LoopSwitch systems. 8 en_old_string_fairness When set to ‘1’, a tree cascadeport's access request to a string is unfair. The tree cascade's arb willgo on the string on the next arbitration cycle even if fairness has notbe reset on the string. 7 dis_cls_cnt_opn_lockup_rmv Disable for closecount open- lockup condition. (NOTE: This bit is for test only.) 6dis_opn_lockup_rmv Disable for tree cascade lockup clearing logic. Iftwo or more multiple cascade trunksets are configured on an ASIC and nostrings are defined. (Note This bit is for test only.) 5 dis_opn_waitSet this bit to a ‘1’ to disable the wait for IDLE to appear on a portbefore allowing a pending request to connect to that port. Normally, apending request is held off until the IDLE is detected to ensure that aport that has both a target and initiator is not in an activeconnection. 4 Port_pri_en Setting this bit causes ports that have thesame configuration type (tree or string cascade) to use the rotatingpriority to determine if a conflicting port is closed. If the bit is notset, a pending port that is held off by an active connection may haveits pending request closed down by another port of the same typeregardless of the rotating priority. 3 Scsi_init_det_en SCSI Initiatordetect enable. When set, initiators are detected based on SCSI FCPframes. When clear, initiators are detected based on received PRLIframes. 2 dis_initiator_lockup_remove If set, disables the initiatorlockup resolution logic. This is only required if bit 0, dis_initiatordflt_2_primary, is set and the HBA's are on strings. Auto-remove connecton stall can also be used to resolve initiator lockups. 1en_port_priority_dis_on_arb If set, does not increment port_prioritylogic on receipt of the ARB. 0 dis_initiator_dflt_2_primary If set,disables the logic that forced initiator to initiator communications tofollow the primary string. NOTE: Setting this bit may cause someshort-term system lockups which can be resolved by enabling theauto-remove connect on stall feature. However, this may imact systemperformance6.1.21 System LED Override Registers

This register contains LED overrides to allow the microprocessor todirectly control the state of the system level LED's. Setting theoverride bit for each function allows the microprocessor to control thatLED.

Bits Field Name Description 15-14 Reserved 13-12 Reserved 11-10 SegmentMode LED These bits allow the microprocessor to Override directlycontrol the associated LED as defined below: 0 0 Normal LED operation 01 Blink at 440 ms rate 1 0 LED Forced off 1 1 LED Forced on 9-8Environmental LED These bits allow the microprocessor to Overridedirectly control the associated LED as defined below: 0 0 Normal LEDoperation 0 1 Blink at 440 ms rate 1 0 LED Forced off 1 1 LED Forced on7-6 Loop Switch Fault These bits allow the microprocessor to LEDOverride directly control the associated LED as defined below: 00 Normal LED operation 0 1 Blink at 440 ms rate 1 0 LED Forced off 11 LED Forced on 5-4 Loop Up LED These bits allow the microprocessor toOverride directly control the associated LED as defined below: 00 Normal LED operation 0 1 Blink at 440 ms rate 1 0 LED Forced off 11 LED Forced on 3-2 Management Present These bits allow themicroprocessor to LED Override directly control the associated LED asdefined below: 0 0 Normal LED operation 0 1 Blink at 440 ms rate 1 0 LEDForced off 1 1 LED Forced on 1-0 Ethernet LED These bits allow themicroprocessor to Override directly control the associated LED asdefined below: 0 0 Normal LED operation 0 1 Blink at 440 ms rate 1 0 LEDForced off 1 1 LED Forced on6.1.22 Router Interrupt Mask Register

This register is used to mask router interrupt status bits. If a bit inthis register is set to one, then the corresponding bit in the RouterStatus Register #2 is enabled to generate an interrupt to the processor.

6.1.23 Port Fairness Control Register

This register is controls the operation of the CLS counter which is usedto vary the priority of a port based on the ALPA and the number of timesthat ALPA has attempted a transaction without being able to transfer asingle frame of data

Bits Field Name Description 15-10 9 dis_cls_cnt_initiator When set to‘1’, disables the destination ALPA close counter on ALPA's that havebeen defined as initiators. 8 en_per_alpa_cls_cnt Setting this bit to a‘1’ causes the OPN close counter to use the individual thresholds forincreasing the priority of closed down ports. This function providessome support for multiple- level QOS based on ALPA's. 7-4cls_cnt_max_dst Global Threshold value for OPN close counter ondestination. When the close count associated with a specific ALPA hitsthe threshold value, the priority of that port will be increased tominimize its chances of being closed down. This mechanism is to ensureno devices are starved. To enable this function, either bit of thisregister needs to be set to ‘0’, to support initiators, or bits in theClose Count on Destination ALPA registers need to be set. NOTE: Thecls_cnt_en bit must be set on a per port basis to enable this function.3-0 Cls_cnt_max Global Threshold value for OPN close counter. When theclose count associated with a specific ALPA hits the threshold value,the priority of that port will be increased to minimize its chances ofbeing closed down. This mechanism is to ensure no devices are starved.This global threshold is used unless the en_per_alpa_cls_cnt, bit 8, isset to a ‘1’. If en_per_alpa_cls_cnt is set, the per_alpa_cls_cnt_(xx)values are used. NOTE: The cls_cnt_en bit must be set on a per portbasis to enable this function.6.1.24 Variable Priority Timer Register

This register sets the duty cycle of the variable priority ports. Theport will have its normal priority, set by the port type for thelow_pulse duty cycle. During the high_pulse duty cycle, the port'spriority is increased to minimize pending OPN requests from being closeddown and possibly starving a device. NOTE: It is recommended that theALPA based close counter is used in normal operation.

Bits Field Name Description 15-8  High_pulse Time, in milliseconds, thatthe port has the highest priority enabled. 7-0 Low_pulse Time, inmilliseconds, that the port has the priority associated with the porttype.6.1.25 Router Overlapping Hard Zone Control Registers

This set of registers defines bitmaps to prevent devices on any givenport from accessing devices on other ports. A 32-bit map is defined foreach port. Bits 31-0 of each port bitmap represent ports 31 through port0 respectively. Setting the appropriate bit disables access for the port(i.e. setting bit 2 and bit 14 of register 0x80 prevents port 0 fromaccessing ports 2 and 14). This register is only used in switching mode.Note: References to ports above port 21 are for future implementations.

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “0000”.

6.1.26 Router Opened Port Map Registers

These registers contain a cumulative bit map of the ports OPNed by thespecified port. These registers are clear on read. This register is onlyused in switching mode.

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “0001”.

6.1.27 Router ALPA Port May Register

This register set contains an ALPA to port map for each possible ALPA.The ALPAs are determined during port discovery. The ALPA to port bitmapfor each ALPA is as defined in the following table. These registers areboth read and write accessible so that Port Discovery can be performedby firmware prior to entering switching mode if there are ASIC problemswith Port Discovery.

Field Value Definition 00000000-00011111 ALPA exists on port 0-31110xxxxx ALPA does not exist on loop 111xxxxx ALPA probably does notexist on loop but may be shadowed

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page select bits are set to “0010”.

6.1.28 Router ALPA Position Map (LILP Payload) Register

This register set contains an ALPA to port map for each possible ALPA.These registers contain a snapshot of the LILP frame payload from themost recent loop initialization cycle where positional mapping wassupported.

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page select bits are set to “0011”.

6.1.29 Router Serial EEPROM Capture Registers

These registers report the global controls read from the serial EEPROMat startup. These values can also be written by the microprocessor fordebug or ASIC simulation. Configuration bits that are port specific areaccessible via port register accesses to the appropriate registers.

NOTE: While a write to the ASIC changes the values in the Router memorymap, the processor is responsible for updating the EEPROM via the I²Cbus.

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “0100”.

6.1.30 Loop Initialization Master WWN Register

These registers contain the captured value of the WWN from the last LISMframe during the most recent loop initialization cycle. The bits 63-48are contained in register #1, bits 47-32 in register #2, bits 31-16 inregister #3, and bits 15-0 in register #4.

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “0100”.

6.1.31 Software Override Initiator Bit Map

This 128-bit table is organized per the table below. Under softwarecontrol, initiators can be added or subtracted from the hardwareCaptured Initiator Table described below. This table is XOR'ed with theCaptured Initiator Table to provide the hardware with the initiatorspresent on the loop. If the hardware detects 2 initiators in a requestedOPN connection, that connection is routed down the primary cascade. Ifonly one of the ALPA's in the OPN is an initiator, the hardware defaultsto routing the connection down the primary cascade unless an alternativeduplicate trunk route is defined in the Trunk Grouping Registersdescribed below.

Software can force a specific device to be treated as an initiator fortarget-based load balancing. Defining half the targets as initiatorsforces all their traffic down the primary connection while all otherconnections are routed down the duplicate trunk.

BIT Position 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 26 25 23 1F1E 1D 1B 18 17 10 0F 08 04 02 01 00 3C 3A 39 36 35 34 33 32 31 2E 2D 2C2B 2A 29 27 56 55 54 53 52 51 4E 4D 4C 4B 4A 49 47 46 45 43 73 72 71 6E6D 6C 6B 6A 69 67 66 65 63 5C 5A 59 9B 98 97 90 8F 88 84 82 81 80 7C 7A79 76 75 74 B3 B2 B1 AE AD AC AB AA A9 A7 A6 A5 A3 9F 9E 9D CE CD CC CBCA C9 C7 C6 C5 C3 BC BA B9 B6 B5 B4 EF E8 E4 E2 E1 E0 DC DA D9 D6 D5 D4D3 D2 D1

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “0101”.

6.1.32 Captured Initiator Bit Map

These registers contain the ALPAs of all initiators detected on the loopXOR'ed with initiators set in the Software Override Initiator Bit map.This 128-bit table is organized per the bit mappings in the table below.The ALPA of a detected initiator has its corresponding bit set in thetable. A LIP clears the table to ensure valid entries are loaded everytime the loop initializes. If the hardware initiator detection functionis disabled in Router Control Register #2, no initiators are detected.The XOR with the Software Override of Initiators Registers above allowssoftware to override individual ALPAs by either defining or masking outof the initiator table.

If detection of initiators is disabled by the dis_hw_initiator_det bitthese bits will always be ‘0’.

BIT Position 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 26 25 23 1F1E 1D 1B 18 17 10 0F 08 04 02 01 00 3C 3A 39 36 35 34 33 32 31 2E 2D 2C2B 2A 29 27 56 55 54 53 52 51 4E 4D 4C 4B 4A 49 47 46 45 43 73 72 71 6E6D 6C 6B 6A 69 67 66 65 63 5C 5A 59 9B 98 97 90 8F 88 84 82 81 80 7C 7A79 76 75 74 B3 B2 B1 AE AD AC AB AA A9 A7 A6 A5 A3 9F 9E 9D CE CD CC CBCA C9 C7 C6 C5 C3 BC BA B9 B6 B5 B4 EF E8 E4 E2 E1 E0 DC DA D9 D6 D5 D4D3 D2 D1

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “0101”.

6.1.33 Trunk Grouping Registers

The Trunk Grouping Registers consists of 24 sets of 2 registerscontaining 3 fields: 1) the trunkset primary port, 2) the trunksetassigned (or alternate) port and the ALPA of the affected initiator. Ifan ALPA is defined as an initiator in one of the tables described above,it can be loaded into this table. An OPN request is initially processedas a normal connection. The port number output from the lookup itcompared to the trunkset primary port entries. If the lookup table'soutput port number matches one in the Trunk Grouping Table as well asthe ALPA entry, the OPN is routed down the indicated alternate port. Thealternate port is qualified with the internal “p_active” flag to verifyit is an active port. If the alternate port is not active, theconnection defaults back to the original primary port. Two exceptionsexist to this rule: 1) OPN's between initiators are always routed downthe primary connection and 2) half-duplex OPN's are always routed downthe primary port. These 2 exceptions exist to minimize 2 OPN requestsfrom devices A and B going down separate cascades to each other andproviding a dead-lock situation.

For each pair of trunkset registers the bit format is as shown below:

Bits Field Name Description 15-13 Reserved Unused 12:8  Assigned TrunkPort Port in this group of trunks that will handle all traffic for theALPA, defined below in the upper word, with the exceptions ofinitiator-to-initiator and half-duplex traffic. 7-5 Reserved Unused 4-0Trunkset Primary Port The primary port for this group of trunks. Thisport is the port that will be active during loop initialization while inloop mode. 15:8  Reserved Unused 7-0 ALPA of Initiator ALPA of initiatorthat is to send all its traffic via the defined duplicate trunk,described above in the lower word, when the Loop Switch is in switching(segmenting) mode.

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “0101”.

6.1.34 Learned Initiator Port Map Registers

This register set contains an ALPA to port map for each possibleinitiator ALPA. The ALPA port mappings are determined by monitoringreceived OPN frames and loading the port number of any OPN with aninitiator as its source into the table. This table is used to ensuretransactions to an initiator use the path the initiator used in its lasttransaction to minimize congestion.

Field Value Definition 00000000-00011111 ALPA exists on port 0-31110xxxxx ALPA does not exist on loop 111xxxxx ALPA probably does notexist on loop but may be shadowed

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “0110”.

This register can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “0111”.

6.1.35 Close Count on Destination ALPA Registers

Each bit in these register corresponds to a port, with address 0x90configures ports 15:0, address 0x92 bits 5:0 configures ports 21:16respectively. If a bit is set, the destination of the OPN determines theclose counter to increment. NOTE: Initiators automatically default tousing the destination of the OPN to determine the close counter toincrement unless explicitly disabled in the Port Fairness ControlRegister.

6.1.36 Per ALPA Open Counter Max Registers

The Per ALPA Open Counter registers allow the OPN counter to increasethe priority of each ALPA's OPN request with a unique maximum closed OPNcount threshold per ALPA. The threshold is a value from 1x0 to 1x0f perALPA. A value of 0x0 always increases the priority. A value of 0xfdisables the CLS counter operation for that particular ALPA, a value of0x01 increases the priority after 1 close, a value of 0x2 increase thepriority after 2 closes, etc. The thresholds are arranged four to aregister in sequentially increasing ALPA order.

This register can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “0111”.

6.1.37 Stealth Isolation Control Register #1

The Stealth Isolation Control Register #1 controls Stealth Isolationmodes of operation from a policy standpoint. These controls are intendedto be set at during the original configuration and not modified innormal operation.

This register can be accessed when the upper_page_select bits are set to“1000.

Bits Field Name Description 15 Frc_LIRP_FRM Setting this bit forces thepayload in the LIRP frame to be overwritten by the data contained in theLIRP frame modification registers. NOTE: Any active port the LIRP frameis routed through after the router will append ALPA's present on thatport to the list in the LIRP payload. 14 Frc_LIFA_FRM Setting this bitforces the payload in the LIFA frame to be overwritten by the datacontained in the LIFA Modification Bit map. 13 Dis_LIRP_frm_mod Settingthis bit to a ‘1’ disables LIRP frame modification during a Stealth loopinitialization cycle. Normally, if a Stealth initialization cycle is inprogress, the router will logically OR the data contained in the LIRPFrame Modification Registers into the LIRP frame. 12 Dis_LIFA frm_modSetting this bit to a ‘1’ disables LIFA frame modification during aStealth loop initialization cycle. Normally, if a Stealth initializationcycle is in progress, the router will logically OR the data contained inthe LIFA Frame Modification Registers into the LIFA frame. 11dis_redo_intsw_chg_on_to Clearing this bit causes the ASIC to repeat theinterswitch cascade stealth cycle if a timeout is detected. Thiscorrects for two ASIC's cascade ports coming up out of sync when theyare connected. 10 En_global_LIRP Setting this bit places every ALPA inthe system in the LIRP frame regardless of the LIP isolation settings.NOTE: In a multiple-ASIC system only the ALPA's local to this ASIC areincluded. 9 Dis_hw_LIRP_gen Setting this bit disables the hardwarestate-machine from generating the LIRP entries to be appended to thelist in the LIRP frame's payload during a stealth loop initializationcycle. 8 Dis_hw_LIFA_gen Setting this bit disables the hardwarestate-machine from generating the LIFA ALPA bits to be OR'ed into theLIFA frame during a stealth loop initialization cycle. 7dis_rx_lism_resets_to Clearing this bit causes the timeout counter ofthe Stealth state machine to reset to 0x00 every time a LISM isdetected. This allows for short timeouts for removed ports but allowsLISM resolution to continue even though the timeout would be exceded. 6stlth_insert_lip Setting this bit generates LIPs to all the ports in thestealth cycle loop for the entire time the lifa and lirp data is beingparsed by the stealth state machine. 5 stlth_stop_all_til_done Settingthis bit stops traffic on all channels for the duration of the stealthisolation cycle 4 En_interactive_stealth Setting this bit pauses theASIC's stealth state-machine and allows the microprocessor to providestep-by-step control of the loop initialization cycle via the StealthIsolation Control Register #2. 3 Relip_zones_pwrup When reset, theswitch forms a loop to initialize the system the first time. If this bitis set, after going into switching mode the first time, the portsenabled to receive LIPs in stealth are re-LIP'ed to ensure they haveonly the ALPA map of their zone. NOTE only valid if stealth is enabled.2 Reserved 1 Send_frame Setting this bit will cause the ASIC to transmita generic interswitch frame to all switches in the system. NOTE: Thisbit is autoclearing. 0 Byp_positional_map Setting this bit will causethe ASIC to clear the positional mapping bit in the LISA frame during aStealth loop initialization cycle. The LIM will not generate the LIRPand LILP frames if this bit is not set.6.1.38 Stealth Isolation Control Register #2

The Stealth Isolation Control Register #2 enables allow interactivecontrol of a stealth loop initialization cycle by an externalmicroprocessor.

This register can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “1000.

Bits Field Name Description 15 Resume_hw_stealth Setting this bit allowsthe hardware state machine to continue the processing a stealth loopisolation cycle if the “en_interactive_stealth” bit is set in theStealth Isolation Control Register #1. The use of these bits allows theprocessor to be interrupted upon receipt of a LIP, manipulate thestealth control bits and then allow the hardware to complete the loopinitialization cycle. NOTE: This bit is self-clearing. 14 ReservedAlways ‘0’ 13 lip_on_intersw_chg If this bit is set, the hardware willautomatically LIP all the zones on the insertion or removal of a stealthinterswitch link. If this bit is not set, no LIP will be generated. 12:8Port_for_sw_LIP The port defined in these bits is included in a softwarecommanded lip cycle initiated by setting bit 2 or 1 as defined below.This port must have at least one device capable of becoming the LIMwhich generates the loop initialization frames.  7 Pause_lip_cls Ifinteractive_stealth is enabled as described in section6.1.37, thestealth state machine in the router will pause the stealth LIPprocessing after the CLS has circulated the loop. Blocking ARB's will begenerated on each port to hold off device accesses and the isolatedports will not be allowed into the main system loop. An interrupt willbe generated to the processor. The processor may determine which ALPA(s)have been added/subtracted during this LIP cycle and modify theisolation registers if required. Upon completion, the processor may thencommand the LIP cycle to complete, allowing the devices into the mainsystem. Reserved for ASIC simulations only.  6 Pause_lip_frame Ifinteractive_stealth is enabled as described in section 6.1.37, thestealth state machine in the router will pause the stealth LIPprocessing upon the receipt of the interswitch frame, allowing theprocessor to format the frame to pass on instead of automaticallyforwarding the received frame. Reserved for ASIC simulations only.  5Pause_before_lip_frame If interactive_stealth is enabled as described insection 6.1.37, the stealth state machine in the router will pause thestealth LIP processing before transmitting an interswitch frame,allowing the processor to format the frame to. Reserved for ASICsimulations only.  4 Pause_lip_rcvd If interactive_stealth is enabled asdescribed in section 6.1.37, the stealth state machine in the routerwill pause the stealth LIP processing as soon as a LIP is detected. Theprocessor may modify the settings for this LIP cycle then command theLIP cycle to resume. Reserved for ASIC simulations only.  3 Reserved  2Gen_router_only_LIP Setting this bit generates LIP cycle with a specialinterswitch frame which has the payload bytes defined in section 6.1.44.This initialization cycle causes only the router in each switch toinvolved in the initialization loop. In a single ASIC system, settingthis bit will cause the stealth cycle to run per the settings of theport specified by bits 12:8 in this register. NOTE: This bit isauto-clearing.  1 Gen_selective_LIP Setting this bit generates LIP cyclewith a special interswitch frame which has the payload bytes defined.This initialization cycle causes all ports enabled to be notified of aLIP event, in the zone(s) defined in bits in the payload of theinterswitch frame, to be rolled into a loop. Each of these ports willthen be involved in a loop initialization cycle. Ports not enabled forLIP notification will remain undisturbed. In a single ASIC system,setting this bit will cause the stealth cycle to run per the settings ofthe port specified by bits 12:8 in this register. NOTE: This bit isauto-clearing.  0 Gen_system_LIP Setting this bit generates a LIP cyclewhich causes all ports, regardless of LIP isolation settings, to berolled into a loop involving every port in a loop initialization cycle.This bit is not defined for single ASIC systems. NOTE: This bit isauto-clearing.6.1.39 Stop Traffic Control Registers

This register allows the microprocessor to force blocking ARB's as thefill word on any port as a mechanism to hold off OPN requests thusblocking traffic.

This register can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “1000.

Address Bits Description 0x84 15-0 Port 15:0 respectively controls toforce blocking ARB's as the fill word transmitted out that port. A ‘1’enables blocking ARB generation. 0x86 15-8 Stlth_holdoff_interval Timerin milliseconds that holds off sequential local stealth LIP cycles toensure that multi-cycle systems all have time to stop traffic and updatetheir local router lookup tables. (Default value is 4 milliseconds) 0x86 7-6 Reserved, always ‘0’ 0x86  5-0 Port 21:16 respectively controls toforce blocking ARB's as the fill word transmitted out that port. A ‘1’enables blocking ARB generation.6.1.40 Status Register #5

This register contains status bits relating to Stealth IsolationOperation. All status bits are clear on read and are maskable via StatusRegister #5 Interrupt Mask Register. Any unmasked bit that goes highwill generate an interrupt and set the Stealth_Isolation status bit inRouter Status Register #2.

This register can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “1000.

Bits Field Name Description 15-13 Unused Always ‘0’ 12interswitch_link_chg This bit is set if one of the stealth interswitchlinks is inserted or removed. 11 lip_cycle_to The lip cycle timed outwithout receiving a CLS. This normally indicates a device was removedwithout any other devices in its zone enabled to receive the LIP thusdriving the stealth cycle. 10 Rcvd_lism_frame This bit is set if theswitch detects a LISM frame instead of an expected interswitch frame.This indicates the device on the stlth_sw_cscd is either a switch not instealth (possibly due to power-up sequence) or a non-switch device.  9Rcvd_own_frame This bit is set if the ASIC detects it has received itsown Generic Inter- switch frame indicating the frame has circulated theloop.  8 Rcvd_remote_frame This bit is set to indicate this ASIC hasreceived a Generic Inter-switch frame from another ASIC.  7Paused_for_lip_cls This bit is set when a CLS following the LIPinitialization cycle has been received when the en_interactive_stealthbit is set in Steatlh Control Register #1. Note: The Stealth Isolationstate machine is halted until the resume_stealth bit is set.  6Paused_for_lip_frame This bit is set when a remote LIP inter-switchframe has been received when the en_interactive_stealth bit is set inSteatlh Control Register #1. Note: The Stealth Isolation state machineis halted until the resume_stealth bit is set.  5Paused_before_lip_frame This bit is set before the local LIPinter-switch frame has been transmitted when the en_interactive_stealthbit is set in Steatlh Control Register #1. Note: The Stealth Isolationstate machine is halted until the resume_stealth bit is set.  4Paused_for_lip_rcvd This bit is set when a LIP has been received whenthe en_interactive_stealth bit is set in Steatlh Control Register #1.Note: The Stealth Isolation state machine is halted until theresume_stealth bit is set.  3 stealth_cycle_occurred This bit is set toindicate that the stealth state machine has run (State machine leavesthe IDLE state.)  2 frame_crc_err This bit is set when a crc error isdetected on either an interswitch LIP or generic frame.  1gen_frm_cycle_cmplt This bit is set when a locally requested interswitchgeneric frame cycle is completed.  0 Traffic_stopped This bit is setwhen traffic has been stopped when the en_interactive_stealth bit is setin Steatlh Control Register #16.1.41 Mask Register for Status Register #5 Interrupt

This register contains mask bits for Status Register #5, relating toStealth Isolation Operation. Any unmasked bit that goes high willgenerate an interrupt and set the Stealth_Isolation status bit in RouterStatus Register #2.

6.1.42 Stealth Timeout Register

This register the maximum value for the two timouts used by the stealthstate machine.

0x8C 15-8 slth_cls_cntr_max —delay the stealth state machine waits afterattempting to stop traffic with blocking ARB's until it issues a“remove_connect” pulse to any ports not stopped. A LSB is 100microseconds and the default setting is 4 milliseconds (0x28) NOTE: Avalue of 0xff disables the timeout 0x8C  7-0 slth_wait_cntr_max —delaythe stealth state machine waits until it generates a CLS to shut down astalled stealth cycle. A LSB is 1 millisecond and the default setting is100 milliseconds (0x64) NOTE: A value of 0xff disables the timeout6.1.43 Status Register #6 (Stealth State)

This register displays the current state of the stealth state machine aswell as other control signal states as shown below:

Bits Field Name Description 15:5 reserved 5 req_traffic_stopped Allports that have a request to stop traffic has successfully stopped theirtraffic. 4 lip_pending A LIP has been detected and stealth resolution ispending  3:0 stlth_state 0 = IDLE 1 = STOP_TRAFFIC 2 = SEND_FRAME 3 =WAIT_FRAME 4 = FORWARD_FRAME 5 = WAIT_LIP 6 = CREATE_ISOLATED_LOOP 7 =WAIT_CLS 8 = WAIT_TABLE_UPDATE 9 = SEND_GEN_FRAME A = WAIT_GEN_FRAME B =FORWARD_GEN_FRAME C = SEND_CLS D = RELEASE_ISOLATION E =UPDATE_LOOKUP_TABLE F = STOP_TRAFFIC_4_UPDATE6.1.44 Stealth LIP Inter-Switch Transmit Payload Registers

These registers contain the ten bytes of the payload to be loaded intothe transmitted LIP interswitch frame. During normal stealth LIPisolation cycles, this frame is passed through the router of each switchto determine which switch controls the existing loop initializationcycle as well as containing the LIP isolation zones that are involved inthe cycle. The ASIC will automatically format the frame during anautomatic stealth isolation cycle. A commanded cycle during interactivestealth frame will use the data written to these registers by theprocessor. The format the payload of the frame is shown below:

Register Payload Byte LIP Control Frame 0x90, bits[7:0] 0 00 0x90,bits[15:0] 1 08 0x92, bits[7:0] 2 00 = LIPing port and routers 01 =LIPing port, ports in zone enabled to rcv LIPs and routers 02 = Allports regardless of isolation modefor ports 0x92, bits [15:0] 3 00 0x94,bits[7:0] 4 Local SN [7:0] 0x94, bits [15:0] 5 Local SN [15:8] 0x96,bits[7:0] 6 Local SN [23:16] 0x96, bits [15:0] 7 Local SN [31:24] 0x98,bits[7:0] 8 Isolation Zones[7:0] 0x98, bits [15:0] 9 IsolationZones[15:8]6.1.45 Stealth Received Inter-ASIC Frame Registers

These read-only registers contain the 10 byte payload received in theLIP interswitch frame. During stealth LIP isolation cycles, this frameis received to determine which switch controls the existing loopinitialization cycle as well as containing the LIP isolation zones thatare involved in the cycle.

Register Payload Byte LIP Control Frame 0xA0, bits[7:0] 0 00 0xA0, bits[15:0] 1 08 0xA2, bits[7:0] 2 00 = LIPing port and routers 01 = LIPingport, ports in zone enabled to rcv LIPs and routers 02 = All portsregardless of isolation modefor ports 0xA2, bits [15:0] 3 00 0xA4,bits[7:0] 4 Local SN [7:0] 0xA4, bits [15:0] 5 Local SN [15:8] 0xA6,bits[7:0] 6 Local SN [23:16] 0xA6, bits [15:0] 7 Local SN [31:24] 0xA8,bits[7:0] 8 Isolation Zones[7:0] 0xA8, bits [15:0] 9 IsolationZones[15:8]6.1.46 LIFA Frame Modification Registers

The LIFA Frame modification registers hold the values used to modify theLIFA frame during stealth LIP isolation cycles. In normal operation,this registers are read-only by the microprocessor with the ASIC'shardware formatting the bits representing each ALPA. If thedis_hw_LIFA_GEN bit is set in the Stealth Isolation Control Register #2,write access to these registers is enabled and the processor isresponsible for generating the values in these registers.

If the FRC_LIFA_FRM_MOD bit is set in the Stealth Isolation ControlRegister #2, the values in these registers will overwrite the payload inthe LIFA frame. If the FRC_LIFA_FRM_MOD bit is not set, the ASIC willlogically OR the LIFA payload and these registers together.

This register can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “1000.

BIT Position 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 25 23 1F 1E1D 1B 18 17 10 0F 08 04 02 01 00 X 3A 39 36 35 34 33 32 31 2E 2D 2C 2B2A 29 27 26 55 54 53 52 51 4E 4D 4C 4B 4A 49 47 46 45 43 3C 72 71 6E 6D6C 6B 6A 69 67 66 65 63 5C 5A 59 56 98 97 90 8F 88 84 82 81 80 7C 7A 7976 75 74 73 B2 B1 AE AD AC AB AA A9 A7 A6 A5 A3 9F 9E 9D 9B CD CC CB CAC9 C7 C6 C5 C3 BC BA B9 B6 B5 B4 B3 EF E8 E4 E2 E1 E0 DC DA D9 D6 D5 D4D3 D2 D1 CE6.1.47 LIRP Frame Modification Registers

The LIRP Frame modification registers hold the values used to modify theLIRP frame during stealth LIP isolation cycles. In normal operation,this registers are read-only by the microprocessor with the ASIC'shardware formatting the count and ALPA list. If the dis_hw_LIRP_GEN bitis set in the Stealth Isolation Control Register #2, write access tothese registers is enabled and the processor is responsible forgenerating the values in these registers.

If the FRC_LIRP_FRM_MOD bit is set in the Stealth Isolation ControlRegister #2, the values in these registers will overwrite the payload inthe LIRP frame. If the FRC_LIRP_FRM_MOD bit is not set, the ASIC willappend the number of ALPA's indicated by the LIRP ALPA count field tothe ALPA's already in the LIRP payload and update the count to reflectthe added ALPA's.

This register can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “1001.

LIP Isolation LIRP Modification Map (Upper page select = 1001) 1^(st)ALPA for LIRP LIRP ALPA Count R/W 3^(rd) ALPA for LIRP 2^(nd) ALPA forLIRP R/W . . R/W . . . . 126^(th) ALPA for LIRP 125^(th) ALPA for LIRPR/W6.1.48 Route Blocking Registers, Groups 0 to 7

The route blocking registers hold the values used to determine accessprivileges between various devices using the ALPA's contained in the OPNordered set. Writing a ‘1’ to a location blocks a device with that ALPAfrom communicating with any device whose ALPA is also blocked. Each ALPAis represented by a single bit in each group as shown in the table belowwhere the ‘?” in the address field is a value of 8-F for groups 0-7respectively. NOTE: The unused bit is placed in the most significantposition of each group, unlike LixA frames that use the leastsignificant position.

BIT Position ADDR 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 0x?0:26 25 23 1F 1E 1D 1B 18 17 10 0F 08 04 02 01 00 0X?2: 3C 3A 39 36 35 3433 32 31 2E 2D 2C 2B 2A 29 27 0X?4: 56 55 54 53 52 51 4E 4D 4C 4B 4A 4947 46 45 43 0X?6: 73 72 71 6E 6D 6C 6B 6A 69 67 66 65 63 5C 5A 59 0X?8:9B 98 97 90 8F 88 84 82 81 80 7C 7A 79 76 75 74 0X?A: B3 B2 B1 AE AD ACAB AA A9 A7 A6 A5 A3 9F 9E 9D 0X?C: CE CD CC CB CA C9 C7 C6 C5 C3 BC BAB9 B6 B5 B4 0X?E: EF E8 E4 E2 E1 E0 DC DA D9 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1

This register can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “1010.

6.1.49 Route Blocking Registers, Groups 8 to F

The route blocking registers hold the values used to determine accessprivileges between various devices using the ALPA's contained in the OPNordered set. Writing a ‘1’ to a location blocks a device with that ALPAfrom communicating with any device whose ALPA is also blocked. Each ALPAis represented by a single bit in each group as shown in the table belowwhere the ‘?” in the address field is a value of 8-F for groups 8-Frespectively. NOTE: The unused bit is placed in the most significantposition of each group, unlike LixA frames that use the leastsignificant position.

BIT Position ADDR 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 0x?0:26 25 23 1F 1E 1D 1B 18 17 10 0F 08 04 02 01 00 0X?2: 3C 3A 39 36 35 3433 32 31 2E 2D 2C 2B 2A 29 27 0X?4: 56 55 54 53 52 51 4E 4D 4C 4B 4A 4947 46 45 43 0X?6: 73 72 71 6E 6D 6C 6B 6A 69 67 66 65 63 5C 5A 59 0X?8:9B 98 97 90 8F 88 84 82 81 80 7C 7A 79 76 75 74 0X?A: B3 B2 B1 AE AD ACAB AA A9 A7 A6 A5 A3 9F 9E 9D 0X?C: CE CD CC CB CA C9 C7 C6 C5 C3 BC BAB9 B6 B5 B4 0X?E: EF E8 E4 E2 E1 E0 DC DA D9 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1

This register can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “1011.

6.1.50 LIP Isolation Zone Control Registers

This set of registers defines bitmaps to set the LIP isolation zoneswithin the ASIC. Each port has a 16-bit register associated with itwhere Bit 0 corresponds to LIP isolation zone 0, Bit 1 corresponds tozone 1, etc.

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “1100”.

6.1.51 Stealth Generic Inter-Switch Frame Header Registers

These registers contain the 6 words of the header to be loaded into thetransmitted Generic interswitch frames. Additionally, words 0 and 3 ofthe header are used to detect received Generic interswitch frames.

Header Word Field Description 0 [31:16] 0 [15:0] 1 [31:16] 1 [15:0] 2[31:16] 2 [15:0] 3 [31:16] 3 [15:0] 4 [31:16] 4 [15:0] 5 [31:16] 5[15:0]

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “1110”.

6.1.52 Stealth Generic Inter-Switch Frame Trasnmit Payload Registers

These registers contain the 8 words of the payload to be loaded into thetransmitted Generic interswitch frame. NOTE: Payload word 0 must be thelocal serial number for broadcast frames. If the local serial number isnot used, the frame will be blocked by a switch with the matching serialnumber.

Payload Word Field Description 0 [31:16] Local Serial Number [31:15] 0[15:0] Local Serial Number [15:0] 1 [31:16] User Data 1 [15:0] User Data2 [31:16] User Data 2 [15:0] User Data 3 [31:16] User Data 3 [15:0] UserData 4 [31:16] User Data 4 [15:0] User Data 5 [31:16] User Data 5 [15:0]User Data 6 [31:16] User Data 6 [15:0] User Data 7 [31:16] User Data 7[15:0] User Data

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “1101”.

6.1.53 Stealth Generic Inter-Switch Frame Payload Registers

These registers contain the 8 words of the payload to be received in aGeneric interswitch frame.

Payload Word Field Description 0 [31:16] Rcvd Serial Number [31:15] 0[15:0] Rcvdl Serial Number [15:0] 1 [31:16] User Data 1 [15:0] User Data2 [31:16] User Data 2 [15:0] User Data 3 [31:16] User Data 3 [15:0] UserData 4 [31:16] User Data 4 [15:0] User Data 5 [31:16] User Data 5 [15:0]User Data 6 [31:16] User Data 6 [15:0] User Data 7 [31:16] User Data 7[15:0] User Data

These registers can be accessed at the specified address when theupper_page_select bits are set to “1101”.

6.2 Port Register Definitions

Port Logic Registers Register Description Configuration Register R/WControl Register #1 R/W Port Interrupt Mask #1 R/W Port Interrupt Mask#2 R/W User OS Match Byte 2 Mask User OS Match Byte 2 R/W User OS MatchByte 3 Mask User OS Match Byte 3 R/W User OS Match Byte 4 Mask User OSMatch Byte 4 R/W User Tx Byte 3 User Tx Byte 4 R/W E S I M F Ob Ib RESUser Tx Byte 2 R/W Reserved User_10b_word[9:0] R/W ReservedUser_10b_word[19:10] R/W Reserved User_10b_word[29:20] R/W ReservedUser_10b_word[39:30] R/W Local SEOC P_INFO Reserved R/W Reserved NoComma Timer R/W OS Error Threshold Lower R/W CRC Error Threshold OSError Threshold Upper R/W Control Register #2 R/W Stall Counter R/WStatus Register #1 R Status Register #2 R Port Detector Register #1 RPort Detector Register #2 R Port Error/Change (Interrupt) StatusRegister #1 R/W Port Error/Change (Interrupt) Status Register #2 R/W OSError Count Lower R Current destination register OS Error Count Upper RMatch Count Lower R Reserved MC Upper R RX Frame Count Register R FutureTX Frame Count Register N/A Port Connections Attempted R PortConnections Held Off R Clock Delta R Reserved Port Utilization % R OSCapture Byte 3 OS Capture Byte 4 R Reserved OS Capture Byte 2 R CRCError Count Invalid OPN/Broadcast R ALPA Capture Reg. Port InsertionCount Loop Up Count R Val Reserved CRC Error ALPA R Src ALPA Dest ALPA RPort_alpa_bitmap[0.14] R/W Port_alpa_bitmap[15.30] R/WPort_alpa_bitmap[31.46] R/W Port_alpa_bitmap[47.62] R/WPort_alpa_bitmap[63.78] R/W Port_alpa_bitmap[79.94] R/WPort_alpa_bitmap[95.1102] R/W Port_alpa_bitmap[111.126] R/W Remote SEOCSN Byte 1 Remote SEOC SN Byte 2 R Remote SEOC SN Byte 3 Remote SEOC SNByte 4 R Remote SEOC P_INFO Remote SEOC SN Byte 5 R Remote SEOC USER2Remote SEOC USER1 R Reserved GBIC/SFP Read Address[10:0] R/Wstop_traffic_cnt prt_opn_lockup_max R/W GBIC/SFP Serial ID Data R OPNMismatch Src ALPA OPN Mismatch Dest ALPA R Reserved OPN Mismatch D_IDfrom Frame R Src/Dest ALPAs From Unknown OPN/Lost Node R Extra ControlRegister SCSI Statistics Source ALPA SCSI Statistics Destination ALPAR/W SCSI Read IO Counter R/W SCSI Write IO Counter R/W SCSI Read ByteCounter[15:0] R/W SCSI Read Byte Counter[31:16] R/W SCSI Read ByteCounter[47:32] R/W SCSI Write Byte Counter[15:0] R/W SCSI Write ByteCounter[31:16] R/W SCSI Write Byte Counter[47:32] R/W Serdes ControlRegister R/W Serdes Sync Control Register R/W Serdes Sync Mask RegisterR/W Serdes Analog Configuration Register R/W Serdes CompatibilityRegister R/W Serdes Status Register R

Note: Many port register addresses are marked Read Only. Some of theseregisters (e.g., counters which stick at max) may in reality beRead/Write for testing and simulation purposes. In normal operation,these registers are only intended to be read, and as such, should neverbe written to by firmware!

6.2.1 Port Configuration Register

The port configuration register bits define operating modes that are setonce or control signals that are changed infrequently.

Port Configuration Register Bits Field Name Description 15rmv_conn_on_dup_stall When set, issues a remove connect to duplicatecascades that have stalled while pending a connection. 14rmv_conn_on_stall When set, issues a remove connect to the port ondetection of a stall. 13 Pending_opn_en When set, modifies stalldetection to occur starting with the pending open state. 12 filt_disGBIC/SFP I2C glitch filter disable. Used only for ASIC simulation. 11tx_disable When set, asserts the transmit disable signal to theGBIC/SFP. Also causes the bypassed LED to blink. Warning: setting thisbit can bring down an operational loop. 10 forced_insert When set,causes the port to be inserted into the loop regardless of the inputsignal. Also causes the bypassed LED to blink. 9 forced_bypass Portinsertion state machine is disabled and prevents the port fromparticipating in activity, even if all other conditions for insertionare present. Also causes the bypassed LED to blink. 8 p_beacon When set,port LED's blink at a 2 Hz rate. 7 en_ins_rdy When set, the Loop Switchasserts the Insertion Rdy bit in the Port Error/Change Status Registerany time a port is going to be inserted. This differs from normaloperation when the Insertion Rdy bit is only set when a serial number isexchanged during the insertion process. 6 dis_arbff Disables the normalreplacement of received Idles with ARBff for EMI emissions control. 5dis_lip_on_ins Port logic normally forces reinitialization by sourcingLIPf7s into the loop when a port is switched in. Setting this bitdisables this function. NOTE: This bit is automatically set by the ASICif this port is configured as a duplicate cascade. 4 dis_lip_on_byp Portlogic normally forces reinitialization by sourcing LIPf7s into the loopwhen a port is switched out. Setting this bit disables this function.NOTE: This bit is automatically set by the ASIC if this port isconfigured as a duplicate cascade. 3 dis_byp_no_comma Port logicnormally switches out a port if a valid comma character is not receivedin 100 usec. Setting this bit disables this function. 2 dis_byp_on_lipf8Port logic normally replaces LIPf8s received on the port with LIPf7s andswitches out the port. Setting this bit disables this function. 1dis_seoc Port logic normally attempts to determine the type of deviceattached to the port. Setting this bit disables this function. 0 TinmanSetting this bit allows any port to be inserted provided word sync isacquired. No other checks are done.6.2.2 Port Control Register #1

Port Control Register #1 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15clear_detector Set to clear port detector register. Bit is auto cleared.14 comp_ins Complete insertion. The microprocessor sets this bit inresponse to the setting of the Insertion Rdy bit in Status Register #1when the controller has finished configuring the port for insertion.This would include any required duplicate port registers in the router.Only used in when management is present. Bit is auto cleared. 13dup_cascade_conn When set, indicates that the port is a duplicate(secondary) cascade connection to another Loop Switch. 12-10 Port typeControls port mode of operation. 0 0 0 non-cascade 0 0 1 tree cascade 01 0 auto cascade,non cascade unless SEOC successfully completes andchanges to tree 0 1 1 reserved 1 0 0 string #0 cascade 1 0 1 string #1cascade 1 1 0 string #2 cascade 1 1 1 string #3 cascade 9hi_priority_tmr_en When set, varies the priority of the port between thenormal priority set by the port type field above and highest priority tohelp ensure that the port doesn't have any devices that are starved. 8Close_cntr_dis Disable the ALPA close counter. If an OPN request isclosed down without a SOF ordered set being received, the close counterfor the source's ALPA is incremented. If that counter reaches thethreshold value set in the router registers and this bit is set, thepriority of this port will be increased until 1 successful connectionhas been made to minimize the chances of a device being starved. 7pass_thru When this bit is set, data is passed straight thru the port. 6util_conn If this bit is not set or in hub emulation mode, theutilization counter reflects the % of data sent within a frame ascompared to the total data bandwidth. When this bit is set in switchingmode, this bit enables the port utilization count register to reflectthe % of time that a port is connected and generating/requestingtraffic. 5 match3x User match must see 3 consecutive matching orderedsets. Note this bit is ignored if the Match Other bit is set. 4 usrm_en0 - User match is disabled and OS capture is reset. 1 - User match isenabled and OS capture is started. The user match count is reset whenthis bit transitions from the reset (0) to the set (1) condition. 3match_othr 1 - Match on any ordered set that doesn't have a detect bitin Port Detector Register. The exception to this rule is that pt-ptordered sets set a detector bit and match other as well, since more thanthat OS can set the detector bit. 2 match_mask_4 0 - Byte 4 is used inmatch. 1 - Byte 4 is ignored in match 1 match_mask_3 0 - Byte 3 is usedin match. 1 - Byte 3 is ignored in match 0 match_mask_2 0 - Byte 2 isused in match. 1 - Byte 2 is ignored in match6.2.3 Port User Ordered Set Match Register

This is set of registers defines an ordered set that the port searchesfor in the received data stream. Each bit of the payload bytes of theordered set can be individually masked off. When a match is found, theUSR Match bit in the status register is set.

The lower 8 bits of Address 0x04 contains the 2^(nd) byte of the orderedset following a K28.5. The upper 8 bits of Address 0x04 contain the bitmask for the 2^(nd) byte. If a bit is set in the bit mask, that bit istreated as “don't care” during the byte compare operation. Address 0x06contains the 3^(rd) byte to match and its associated mask. Address 0x08contains the 4th byte to match and its associated mask. Note that the1st byte of the ordered set is hardwired to K28.5 (positive or negativerunning disparity). This means that K28.5s must be present on the loopin order to do a capture. Note that EOFs can be captured since a K28.5of either running disparity is recognized.

If the parity error on match bit is set, any ordered sets that match thevalue in this register will generate a parity error.

6.2.4 Port User Ordered Set Transmit Register

This set of registers defines an arbitrary ordered set that is to besent on the loop. The lower 8 bits of Address 0x0C is the 2nd byte to betransmitted after a K28.5. Address 0x0A contains the 3rd and 4th byte.For this data to be properly written, the lower register must be writtenprior to the upper, and the upper register write must have the enablebit (xmit_os_reg) set in the data that is to be written.

Port User Ordered Set Transmit Register Definition Bits Field NameDescription Address 0x0A (lower) 15-8  Tx Byte #3 7-0 Tx Byte #4 Leastsignificant byte of ordered set Address 0x0C (upper) 15 xmit_os_regGlobal enable for ordered set transmit register contents. Setting onlythis bit replaces all fill words with the contents of the Ordered SetTransmit Registers 14 xmit_some When this bit is set and the xmit_os_regbit is set, the given ordered set is sent one through 15 times based onthe count in Port Control Register #2. If clear, the ordered set is sentcontinuously. 13 xmit_imm When this bit is set and the xmit_os_reg bitis set, the given ordered set replaces the next ordered set. If clear,only fill words are replaced. 12 xmit_match When this bit is set and thexmit_os_reg bit is set, the given ordered set replaces ordered sets thatmeet the User match criteria 11 xmit_fill When this bit is set and thexmit_os_reg bit is set, ordered sets that meet the User match criteriaare replaced with the current fill word. 10 Xmit_bad_os_reg Globalenable for bad ordered set transmit register contents.  9xmit_bad_10b_once When this bit is set and the xmit_bad_os_reg bit isset, the contents of the a badUser 10b Word-encoded ordered set (withnegative disparity) is sent once.  8 xmit_bad_10b_imm When this bit isset and the xmit_bad_os_reg bit is set, the contents of the User 10BWord a bad 10b-encoded ordered set (with negative disparity) replacesthe next ordered set. Otherwise, if just the xmit_bad_os_reg is set,only fill words are replaced 7-0 Tx Byte #2 Most significant byte ofordered set6.2.5 User 10B Word

These registers contain a user configurable 10b encoded word. When theconditions of the xmit_bad_(—)10b_once or xmit_bad_(—)10b_imm bits ofthe Port User Ordered Set Transmit Register are met, this encoded wordis transmitted from the ASIC. Note: The ASIC does not perform any checkson the word and its use is intended strictly for testing purposes.

Bits Field Name Description Address 0x0E 15:10 Reserved 9:0 OS Byte #3Bits [9:0] of the ordered set Address 0x10 15:10 Reserved 9:0 OS Byte #2Bits [19:10] of the ordered set Address 0x12 15:10 Reserved 9:0 OS Byte#1 Bits [29:20] of the ordered set Address 0x14 15:10 Reserved 10:0  OSByte 0 Ordered set bits [39:32] Normally K28.5 character6.2.6 Local SEOC P INFO

The upper 8 bits of this register contain the payload data for thisport's P_INFO SEOC ordered set. During reset this value is loaded to aneutral-disparity value to indicate the port. The neutral-disparityvalues start with 0x00 for port 0, 0x01 for port 10x02 for port 2, 0x04for port 3, etc.

6.2.7 Port Interrupt Mask Register #1

This register is used to mask port interrupt status bits in port errorstatus register #1. If a bit in this register is set to one, then thecorresponding bit in the port interrupt status register is enabled togenerate an interrupt to the processor.

6.2.8 Port Interrupt Mask Register #2

This register is used to mask port interrupt status bits in port errorstatus register #2. If a bit in this register is set to one, then thecorresponding bit in the port interrupt status register is enabled togenerate an interrupt to the processor.

6.2.9 No Comma Timer Register

15-8  Reserved 7-0 No Comma Timer These bits are used to configure theamount of time to look for the absence of comma characters beforebypassing a port. This 8-bit register counts the time in increments of100 us. The value ‘n’ written to this register results in an interval ofbetween (n) and (n + 1) * 100 us. (Due to unsynchronized internal timersthere may be a fraction of 1 lsb added to the count.) This registerdefaults to a value of 1, which indicates an interval of 100 us. NOTE: Avalue of 0 in invalid.6.2.10 OS/CRC Error Threshold Registers

The 24-bit value contained in address 0x1e and the bottom 8 bits ofaddress 0x20, is compared to the count in the OS Error Count registersand if the count exceeds the threshold, an interrupt is generated to theCPU. A certain number of ordered set errors is expected to occur. Thethreshold value should be set to a value such that the interrupt istriggered very infrequently under normal operating conditions.

The value in the upper 8 bits of address 0x20 is compared to the countin the CRC Error Count register and if the count exceeds the threshold,an interrupt is generated to the CPU. This value resets to 0xFF.

6.2.11 Port Control Register #2

The port control #2 register contains bits that are changed duringnormal operation.

Port Control Register #2 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15-12Xmt_os_cnt Four bit field that modifies the xmt_os_once control to send1-16 ordered sets instead of just one. A value of 0x0 sends 1 orderedset, a value of 0xf sends 16. 11-10 rx_los_mode Determines the source ofthe rx_los used by insertion logic 0 0 - Use SFP rx_los only 0 1 - Useserdes rx_los only 1 x - Logically OR SFP and serdes rx_los 9request_seoc When set to a ‘1’, this bit forces the port to rerun theSEOC algorithm, causing the port to reinsert. NOTE: This bit is self-clearing. 8 Port_filter_en When this bit is set, the frame header filterfor this port is enabled. The filter type controls must be set in therouter memory map to select the enabled filter(s). 7 tx_fault_polarityInvert polarity of tx_fault signal. 0 - tx_fault is active high 1 -tx_fault is active low 6 Rx_los_polarity Invert polarity of rx_los_txsignal. 0 - rx_los_tx is active high 1 - rx_los_tx is active low 5Parity_err_on_match When this bit is set, a USER match generates badpanty on the internal data bus. 4 Rcv_lip Stealth LIP Isolation control.If set to ‘1’ this port is LIP'ed and involved in a loop initializationcycle any time a port, within the same LIP zone, with fwd_lip set,receives a LIP from an external device. 3 Fwd_lip Stealth LIP Isolationcontrol. If set to ‘1’ this port forwards a LIP to the system to LIP allports, within the same LIP zone, with rcv_lip set, whenever it receivesa LIP from an external device. 2 Manual_LIP When this bit is set and LIPisolation is enabled for the port, local loop initialization is blockedand not allowed to proceed on a LIP-isolated loop segment. 1 Pass_LIPWhen this bit is set and LIP isolation is enabled for the port, localloop initialization is allowed to proceed on a LIP-isolated loopsegment. 0 Port_isolate_en When this bit is set and theglobal_isolate_en bit is set in the router, LIP isolation is enabled forthe port.6.2.12 Stall Counter Register

The stall counter register contains the time a port has had a connectionactive and has not seen a SOF or EOF ordered set pass by. The counterresets by detecting a SOF or EOF ordered set or by a processor write of0x0000. The counter has a terminal count at the stall threshold, set inthe router memory map space. Upon reaching the stall threshold, aninterrupt is generated. The resolution of the counter is 10 □s.

6.2.13 Port Error/Change Status Register #1

This register reports errors or changes in the configuration of theport. Any change in the state of this register causes an interrupt tothe Router Status Register #2. This allows a management entity to simplypoll the Router Status register for any changes and then read theappropriate port register to determine the change. This register iscleared on read.

Port Error Status Register #1 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15int2_active This bit is set when an interrupt is triggered by port errorstatus register #2. 14 user_match_int This bit is set if the user matchbit in the port detector register is asserted. This bit is only clearedby a microprocessor access directly to this register. 13 snum_changeSerial number exchange completed. This interrupt is set after the lastsequence in the exchange is completed. 12 crc_err_th CRC Error Thresholdcount has been exceeded. 11 os_err_th Ordered Set Error Threshold counthas been exceeded. 10 gbic_insert A GBIC/SFP has been inserted since thelast read. 9 gbic_bypass A GBIC/SFP has been removed since the lastread. 8 loop_up Port State in Port Status Register #1 has gone fromstate ‘01010’ to state ‘01100’ or higher. 7 loop_down Port state in PortStatus Register #1 has gone from state ‘01100’ or higher to state‘01000’ or lower. 6 port_insert Port has changed from being bypassed tobeing inserted. 5 port_bypass Port has changed from being inserted tobeing bypassed. 4 insert_lipf8_fault Indicates that the Port kicked outof the Validate Data state because LIP(F8) was received after havingxmt'ed LIP(F7) to the attached node for more than 15 ms. 3insert_timeout Indicates that LIP(F7,F7) was never received by the portduring the 112 ms wait in Validate Data. 2 insertion_rdy When set,indicates that a port is ready to be inserted and requires manualintervention by the management card. If the en_ins_rdy policy bit in thePort Configuration Register is clear, then this bit is only set if amanagement card is present and the insertion process exchanged serialnumbers with another Vixel Loop Switch. If the policy bit is set, anyport insertion attempt generates this bit. 1 crc_error CRC Errordetected in a frame. LSB of S_ID of last frame w/error is contained inCRC Error ALPA Register. 0 connect_overflow An error occurred during aconnection attempt where a frame arrived before the connection was made.This can happen if a node is using non-zero BB_credit or if an OPNbroadcast was used. Only valid in switching mode.6.2.14 Port Error/Change Status Register #2

This register reports errors or changes in the configuration of theport. Any change in the state of this register causes an interrupt tothe Router Status Register #2. This allows a management entity to simplypoll the Router Status register for any changes and then read theappropriate port register to determine the change. This register iscleared on read.

Port Error Status Register #2 Definition Bits Field Name Description15-12 Reserved 11 Parity_error A parity error was detected at prx_sw mux10 Parity_error A parity error was detected at ptx_sw mux.  9Parity_error A parity error was detected at transmit encoder_(—)  8Lost_node An OPN was looped back on a port that the ALPA map indicatesthe device should exist on. This indicates either the OPN was misroutedor the device has gone off-line. The source and destination ALPAs arestored in a register.  7 Unknown_OPN An OPN was detected that does notexist in the lookup table and the source and destination ALPAs stored.NOTE: Hardware has no mechanism to determine if this unknown OPN is theresult of an initiator “walking” the loop or a true error. Software hasto make the determination.  6 OPN_D_ID_mismatch A mismatch was detectedbetween the destination ALPA in the last OPN received and thedestination ID in the FC header of a frame.  5 Alpa_valid This bit isset when a frame is received by the ASIC. The bit being set indicatesthat a valid src/dest ALPA is available in the Src/Dest ALPA Register. 4 Stall_detect This bit is set if the stall counter exceeds the stallthreshold.  3 Reserved  2 Rx_invalid_opn This bit is set when an OPN hasbeen sent out on a destination port in switching mode and a differentOPN is returned before the loop is closed. When this bit is set, theALPA in the last ARBx received on that port prior to the OPN is capturedin the Invalid OPN ALPA capture register.  1 Reserved Always ‘0’  0isolated_LIP This bit is set whenever a LIP is received and isolated ona port.6.2.15 Port Status Register #1

This register provides a real time status of the port at the time theread occurs.

Port Status Register #1 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15src_conn port connected as a source (switching mode) 14 dest_conn portconnected as a destination (switching mode) 13 Lim_port This bit is setto indicate that the port is the LIM on its loop. 12-8 port state Validin hub emulation and switching modes: ‘0x0’ port is switched out. ‘0x1’port is performing insertion algorithm. ‘0x8’ loop in initializing state(LIP seen). ‘0x9’ loop in open init state (SOF seen). ‘0xa’ loop in openinit, post LISM state (ARBf0 seen) ‘0xc’ loop init complete (CLS seen).Valid only in switching mode: ‘{1′b1,rx_state[3:0]}’, where rx_state isone of the following: 0x0: RX_INACTIVE - power up state, until port isinserted 0x1: RX_ACTIVE - port active and idle 0x2: ARB_CREQ - ARBxreceived and request ARB connection. Also used for a destination portwhen that port is a cascade port and has not yet won cascadearbitration. 0x3: ARB_CONN - ARB connection made and waiting for OPN.Also used for a destination port when that port is a cascade port andhas not yet won cascade arbitration. 0x4: OPN_CREQ1 - OPN received andconnection requested. 0x5: OPN_CREQ2 - OPN connection still requestedand destination lookup has been performed. Waiting for source anddestination ports to be properly connected, or waiting to be bedisconnected if a higher priority port needs access. 0x6: SRC_OPEN -Send the OPN or send CLS back to self if request is blocked and CLSbehavior is selected. 0x7: SLV_CONN - Port connected as a slave(destination). 0x8: SRC_CONN - Port connected as a source. 0x9:WAIT_SCLS - CLS received and waiting for port to send it back out. 0xA:WAIT_RCLS - CLS sent out and waiting for port to receive it. 0xB:WAIT_S - State used when connections are removed. Wait for port to bedisconnected. 0xC: WAIT_FCLS - If OPN request was made and anotherhigher priority port is requesting access to use it as a destination, aCLS is sent out and the port waits for it to return until becomingconnected as a slave. 5:0 Ctl_state INACTIVE 6′h00 WAIT_PINFO 6′h14DET_VIX 6′h01 DELAY_PINFO 6′h15 WAIT_VIX 6′h02 LIP_USER1 6′h16 DELAY_VIX6′h03 WAIT_USER1 6′h17 LIP_SN1 6′h04 DELAY_USER1 6′h18 WAIT_SN1 6′h05LIP_USER2 6′h19 DELAY_SN1 6′h06 WAIT_USER2 6′h1A LIP_SN2 6′h07DELAY_USER2 6′h1B WAIT_SN2 6′h08 WAIT_UC 6′h1C DELAY_SN2 6′h09 VAL_DATA6′h1D LIP_SN3 6′h0A SCRB_LOOP 6′h1E WAIT_SN3 6′h0B PASV_VAL 6′h1FDELAY_SN3 6′h0C ACTIVE 6′h20 LIP_SN4 6′h0D INIT 6′h21 WAIT_SN4 6′h0EOPN_INIT1 6′h22 DELAY_SN4 6′h0F OPN_INIT2 6′h23 LIP_SN5 6′h10 LINK_UP6′h25 WAIT_SN5 6′h11 WAIT_16 6′h26 DELAY_SN5 6′h12 BLINK_TX 6′h27LIP_PINFO 6′h13 LINK_OR_NOT_(—2)_BLINK 6′h28 WAIT_UC_(—) 6′h29 NOLIP , ,, , , , , , ;6.2.16 Port Status Register #2

Port Status Register #2 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15serial_id_rdy GBIC/SFP Serial ID data ready. New data is present in theGBIC/SFP serial ID data register. This bit is cleared during a readoperation. 14 port_activity Latched Port Activity. This bit indicatesthat the port has been involved in a connection since it was read last.This bit is cleared during a read operation. 13 port_bypassed Real timePort bypassed state. Port has/may have a GBIC/SFP, but is not insertedinto the loop or is not part of the connection matrix. 12 gbic_ok Realtime GBIC/SFP present and tx_fault is deasserted. 11 reserved Alwaysreturns 0 10-8 mod_def Real time port GBIC/SFP type from GBIC/SFP Bits10-8 Description 1 1 1 No GBIC or SFP present 0 1 1 Serial ID Module Allother values indicate module present, non-serial ID  7 Reserved Alwaysreturns 0  6 tx_fault_ltch Latched Transmitter Fault from GBIC/SFP. Thisbit is cleared during a read operation.  5 rx_los_ltch Latched Loss ofSignal from GBIC/SFP. This bit is cleared during a read operation.  4loss_sync_ltch Latched Loss of Sync status. This bit is cleared during aread operation.  3 Reserved Always returns 0  2 tx_fault Real timeTransmitter Fault from GBIC/SFP  1 rx_los Real time Loss of Signal fromGBIC/SFP.  0 loss_sync Real time Loss of Sync > RTTOV status6.2.17 Port Detector Register #1

This register contains the detector bits that indicate that particularconditions have occurred on the port. This register is cleared on read,but can also be cleared by setting the Clear Detector Register bit inPort Control Register. A third way to clear this register on all portssimultaneously is by setting the Clear Port Detector bit in the RouterControl register. Note that this register has bits set after a reset dueto the passing of the data pattern during selftest. The selftest patternis designed to set all the bits except User Match (0xFFFE).

Port Detector Register #1 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15pt_pt_primitive_detect A Point-to-Point Primitive Sequence was detected.This includes OLS, NOS, LR and LRR. (3 ordered sets in a row). Note thatthese are illegal on a loop. 14 crcerr_detect CRC Error detected in aframe. LSB of S_ID of last frame w/error is contained in CRC Error ALPARegister. 13 Invalid_tx_word_detect Transmission word received withencoding error 12 Unk_os_detect Any ordered set that does not alreadyset any of the Detector Reg #1 bits 1-11, 15, Reg #2 bits 0-4. 11lip_detect Any LIP primitive sequence detected (3 ordered sets in arow). 10 lipf7_detect LIP f7 primitive sequence detected (3 ordered setsin a row). 9 lipf8_detect LIP f8 primitive sequence detected (3 orderedsets in a row). 8 opn_detect Any OPN ordered set detected. 7 cls_detectA CLS ordered set detected. 6 rrdy_detect A RRDY ordered set detected. 5arb_detect Any ARB ordered set detected. 4 arbff_detect ARBff orderedset detected. 3 idle_detect IDLE ordered set detected. 2 sof_detect AnyStart of Frame ordered set detected. 1 eof_detect Any End of Frameordered set detected. 0 user_match_detect User defined ordered setdetected. Note that mask match bits from control register are used inmatch.6.2.18 Port Detector Register #2

This register contains the detector bits that indicate that particularconditions have occurred on the port. This register is cleared on read,but can also be cleared by setting the Clear Detector Register bit inPort Control Register. A third way to clear this register on all portssimultaneously is by setting the Clear Port Detector bit in the RouterControl register.

Port Detector Register #2 Definition Bits Field Name Description 15Reserved 14 Reserved 13 Reserved 12 Reserved 11 Reserved 10 Reserved 9Reserved 8 Reserved 7 Reserved 6 LIPff_detected LIPff ordered setdetected 5 device_detected Ordered set other than blocking ARB detectedafter OPN 4 Half_dup_opn_detect Half-duplex OPN ordered set detected 3mrk_detect MRK ordered set detected 2 brdcst_lpe_detect LPE ordered setdetected 1 brdcst_lpb_detect LPB ordered set detected 0brdcst_opn_detect Broadcast OPN ordered set detected6.2.19 Port OS Error Count

This 24 bit counter maintains a running count of the number oftransmission words that are received on this port with an encodingerror. The counter increments only once for each bad word, even ifmultiple errors occur within a single word. The count sticks at maximumcount and is cleared when the lower OS Error Count Register is read.This counter requires the reading of two registers. The leastsignificant register must be read first and then the most significantregister must be read last to guarantee an accurate reading. When theleast significant register is read, the most significant register is putinto a holding register before clearing both registers.

6.2.20 Current Destination Register

This 8 bit value shows the port that is currently connected to thisport. Due to the high speed of connections and the low speed of the I²Cinterface, this register is intended mainly to assist in clearingstalled connections. These 8 bits are located in bits [15:8] of the 16bit register. The lower half is for Port OS error Count described above.

6.2.21 Port Match Count Register

The lower 4 bits of Upper Match Count Register and the Lower Match CountRegister make up a 20 bit counter that is used to count the number ofUser Match ordered sets seen on the link being monitored. This functionis enabled while the user match function is enabled. This counterrequires the reading of two registers. The least significant registermust be read first and then the most significant register must be readlast to guarantee an accurate reading. This register is only clearedwhen the User Match function is enabled and not when it is read. Thiscount is reset when the user match enable bit transitions from a zero toa one.

6.2.22 Port Utilization % Register

This register contains an 8-bit value that can be used to reflect twodifferent measurements. By default, this register represents thepercentage of the transmission words received that were within a framerelative to the total traffic. If the util_conn_en bit is set in theport control register and the Loop Switch is operating in switching(segmenting) mode this register represents the percentage of timeconnections were made with this port while in switching mode. This valueis updated every ˜240 ms. The bit value is given in 0.5% increments.

6.2.23 Port Capture Ordered Set Register

This set of registers is used to store the ordered set present when theUser Match bit was set. This register is only re-enabled for capture bythe User Match Enable control bit being cleared and then set. Thisfunction can be used as a simple triggered analyzer.

Register 3E is the 2nd byte of the ordered set following a K28.5.Register 3C contains the 3rd and 4th byte. Note that the 1st byte of theordered set is hardwired to K28.5. This means that K28.5s must bepresent on the loop in order to do a capture.

6.2.24 Invalid OPN/Broadcast (ARBx) ALPA Capture Register

Invalid OPN/Broadcast Register Definition Bits Field Name Description15-8 Crc_err_count This register maintains a running count of the numberof CRC errors that are detected in frames passing through the port. Thecount sticks at its maximum count and is cleared when the register isread. Note that after reset this register has a count of 2 reset due tothe passing of the data pattern during selftest.  7-0 rx_arb_alpa Whenthe rx_invalid_opn interrupt status bit or a broadcast OPN, LPB or LPEis set, the ALPA value from the previous ARBx received by this port iscaptured into this register. This value is not overwritten until thecorresponding interrupt is cleared and this register is read. Thisclearing mechanism is required since all interrupts are automaticallycleared on read, otherwise the interrupt status bit alone could be usedto disable/enable this register to be overwritten by the port logic.6.2.25 Port Insertion/Loop Up Counter Register

Port Insertion/Loop Up Count Register Definition Bits Field NameDescription 15-8 Port Insertion Count Count of the number of times thisport has been inserted into the loop. The count sticks at maximum countand is cleared on read.  7-0 Loop Up Count Count of the number of timesthe loop connected to this port has come up. The count sticks at maximumcount and is cleared on read.6.2.26 Port CRC Error ALPA Register

This register contains the ALPA of the last frame that had a CRC error.The ALPA is derived from the SID of the frame. Note that there is aprobability that the SID was corrupted, so this ALPA may not beaccurate. The MSB indicates whether the ALPA field has been updated ornot. The valid bit is cleared when the register is read. Note that afterreset this register indicates that a CRC error has occurred and hascaptured the ALPA. This is a result of the data pattern sent around theinternal loop during selftest. The value in this register will be0x80D5.

6.2.27 RX Frame Count Register

The RX Frame Count Register is a 16 bit counter that is used to countthe number of frames seen on the RX link being monitored. This count isreset on read.

6.2.28 Port Connections Attempted Register

Count of the number of times this port has attempted to make aconnection due to ARB connect requests. The count sticks at maximumcount and is cleared on read. This value is valid in switching modeonly.

6.2.29 Port Connections Held Off Register

Count of the number of times this port has attempted to make aconnection and was held off by a busy port. The count sticks at maximumcount and is cleared on read. This value is valid in switching modeonly.

6.2.30 Port Clock Delta Counter

This register contains the value of the transmit/receive clock deltacounter.

6.2.31 Src/Dest ALPA Register

When ALPA Valid bit is set in Port Error/Change Status Register #2, thisregister contains the source and destination ALPA of the last framereceived into this port. This register is cleared after each read access

6.2.32 Port ALPA Bitmap Registers

These registers contain a bitmap of the ALPAs claimed on this portduring the last loop initialization cycle.

6.2.33 Remote SEOC P INFO Register

This register contains the payload data from the P_INFO SEOC ordered setreceived from a remote SEOC compliant device when is detected. If nodevice or a non-SEOC compliant device is detected, this register is setto all zeros.

6.2.34 Remote SEOC USER Register

This register contains the payload data from the USER1 and USER2 SEOCordered sets received from a remote SEOC compliant device when isdetected. If no device or a non-SEOC compliant device is detected, thisregister is set to all zeros.

6.2.35 GBIC/SFP Read Address Register

This register contains the address of the next location in the GBIC's(or SFP's) Serial ID EEPROM to be read by the Loop Switch. This registeris reset to zero on reset and is incremented each time a read occurs tothe GBIC/SFP. The microprocessor can write a new value in this registerto change where the Loop Switch reads the next value. This registershould only be changed when the Serial ID RDY bit is set in the PortStatus Register #2. Note: The GBIC/SFP address is an 11-bit value. Thetop 5 bits of the register are always 0.

6.2.36 Port Open Lockup Max Count Register

Bits [7:0] of this register sets the timeout value of the Port OPNLockup watchdog timer. This 8-bit field is in the lower half of theregister and has a resolution of 40 microseconds.

Bits [15:8] of this register contain the stop_traffic_cnt_max value.This 8-bit field defines the delay the “rxstate” state machine delaysbefore determining that traffic is truly stopped if the state machine issteady in state ARB_CREQ or ARB_CONN. The resolution of this counter is10 microseconds.

6.2.37 GBIC/SFP Serial ID Data Register

This register contains the data read from the GBIC's (or SFP's) SerialID EEPROM. After reset, the Loop Switch reads the first 2 bytes from theGBIC/SFP (assuming it's a serial ID GBIC or SFP) and store them here.Loop Switch also sets the Serial ID Rdy bit in the Port Status Register#2 to indicate the data is ready. The microprocessor can then read thisdata. When that happens, the Loop Switch automatically goes out andreads the next 2 bytes from the GBIC/SFP. The Loop Switch reads the datafrom the EEPROM one byte at a time and the first byte read is placed inthe LSB and the second byte in the MSB of this register.

6.2.38 SRC/DEST ALPA on Mismatch OPN Register

This register contains the source, bits [15:8], and destination, bits[7:0], ALPAs associated with the last detection of a frame whosedestination ID doesn't match the destination ALPA in the previouslyreceived OPN. Only valid in switching mode and is cleared in hubemulation mode.

6.2.39 Destination ID on OPN Mismatch Register

This register contains destination Id from the FC header of a frame,bits [7:0], whose destination ID doesn't match the destination ALPA inthe previously received OPN. This register is only used in switchingmode and is cleared in hub emulation mode.

6.2.40 SRC/DEST ALPA from Unknown OPN/Lost Node Register

This register contains the source, bits [7:0], and destination, bits[15:8], ALPAs associated with the last detection of either an UnknownOPN or Lost Node error. This register is only used in switching mode andis cleared in hub emulation mode.

6.2.41 Extra Control Register

Port Insertion/Loop Up Count Register Definition Bits Field NameDescription 15-3 Reserved 2 dis_new_cscd_arb If not set, the logic forrx_new_cscd_arb will function as normal for detecting hidden opens whenthere are multiple devices on ports. If set, then this logic will bedisabled and having HBA with devices on a same port will fail. 1dis_block_arb If not set, after an ARB wins arbitration, ARBs with thatALPA will be blocked for the internal scrubber timeout. If set, thatALPA will not be blocked. 0 dis_block_init_arb If not set, the scrubberlogic scrubs the ARB detected immediately preceeding the OPN if an ARBf0is detected for the scrub timeout. If set, disables the ARBf0 detectionof the ARBs and does normal scrubbing.6.2.42 SCSI Statistics ALPA

The lower 8 bits of this register control a filter that determines thedestination ALPA of the SCSI FCP frames that are used for collectingread and write statistics. A value of 0xff enables all destinationALPA's for aggregate port statistics. A specific destination ALPA willcause the ASIC to track statistics for only that destination ALPA. Theupper 8 bits determine the source ALPA of the FCP frames being tracked.A value of 0xff in the upper 8 bits enables tracking of all sourceALPA's.

6.2.43 SCSI Read IO Counter

This register contains a clear on read counter that tracks the number ofread I/O's of frames that match the source/destination ALPA criteria setin the SCSI Statistics ALPA register.

6.2.44 SCSI Write IO Counter

This register contains a clear on read counter that tracks the number ofwrite I/O's of frames that match the source/destination ALPA criteriaset in the SCSI Statistics ALPA register.

6.2.45 SCSI Read Byte Counter

These registers contain a clear on read counter that tracks the numberof read bytes from frames that match the source/destination ALPAcriteria set in the SCSI Statistics ALPA register. NOTE: To ensureaccurate reading of the counter, bits 47 to 16 of the counter are loadedinto a temporary holding register on a read of bits 15 to 0 (address0x84). The temporary holding register is shared with the write bytecounter so care must be taken when accessing the upper 2 words of bothregisters.

6.2.46 SCSI Write Byte Counter

These registers contain a clear on read counter that tracks the numberof write bytes from frames that match the source/destination ALPAcriteria set in the SCSI Statistics ALPA register. NOTE: To ensureaccurate reading of the counter, bits 47 to 16 of the counter are loadedinto a temporary holding register on a read of bits 15 to 0 (address0x8a). The temporary holding register is shared with the read bytecounter so care must be taken when accessing the upper 2 words of bothregisters.

6.3 CPU Port Registers

CPU Port Register Summary Register RW Bits Description Interrupt RW31:24 Heartbeat Timer 1 Timer 0 RW 23:16 Rcv Xmt Rcv Frame Frame FrameDMA'ed Sent Received RW 15:8  Xmit Rcv Xmt Rcv Rcv Rcv Tag Rcv Word WordDelimiter DMA Delimiter Error CRC CNTR CNTR Error Service Error CNTRError Wrap Wrap CNTR CNTR CNTR Wrap CNTR Wrap Wrap Wrap Wrap RW 7:0 RcvXmt Rcv Xmt Rcv Rcv Tag Rcv DMA FIFO FIFO Missing Missing Error CRCService Overrun Overrun Delimiter Delimiter Error Timer ExpiredInterrupt mask RW 31:0  (See Interrupt register) Control RW 31:24 XmtRcv Xmt Rcv Rcv Tag Error CRC Send Frame Frame Delim DMA Delim err cntError cnt frame cnt cnt error service cnt cnt cnt RW 23:16 10us MSTB Rxwrite tag [1:0] Tx write tag Reset Reset [1:0] RW 15:8  ARM GlobalRouter Discard Xmt Rcv Xmt Tag Generation reset reset Request Frame onDMA DMA Enable Enable Error Request Request Enable Enable Enable RW 7:0Rcv Tag Reset Big Rcv Xmt Rcv CRC Xmt Rcv Checking endian DMA CRCChecking Enable Enable Enable Service Generation Enable Timer EnableEnable Xmt FIFO Read/Write Pointer RW 31:0  Xmt FIFO read pointer XmtFIFO write pointer [8:0] [8:0] Xmt FIFO Data RW 31:0  Xmt FIFO data word[31:0] Rcv DMA Service Timer RW 31:0  Rcv DMA Service Max Rcv DMAService Timer [9:0] [9:0] Rcv FIFO Read/Write Pointer RW 31:0  Rcv FIFOread pointer Rcv FIFO write pointer [8:0] [8:0] Rcv FIFO Data RW 31:0 Rcv FIFO data word [31:0] Rcv CRC error RW 31:0  Counter [31:0] Rcv Tagerror RW 31:0  Counter [31:0] Rcv Delimiter error RW 31:0  Counter[31:0] Rcv DMA service expired RW 31:0  Counter [31:0] Xmt Delimitererror RW 31:0  Counter [31:0] Rcv word count RW 31:0  Counter [31:0] Xmtword count RW 31:0  Counter [31:0] MS Timebase RW 31:16 MS timebasereload [15:0] RW 15:0  MS timebase counter [15:0] 10us Timebase RW 31:1610us timebase reload [15:0] RW 15:0  10us timebase counter [15:0]6.3.1 Interrupt Register

Register RW Bits Description Interrupt RW 31:24 Heartbeat Timer 1 Timer0 RW 23:16 Rcv Xmt Rcv Frame Frame Frame DMA'ed Sent Received RW 15:8Xmit Rcv Xmt Rcv Rcv Rcv Tag Rcv Word Word Delimiter DMA Delimiter ErrorCRC CNTR CNTR Error Service Error CNTR Error Wrap Wrap CNTR CNTR CNTRWrap CNTR Wrap Wrap Wrap Wrap RW 7:0 Rcv Xmt Rcv FIFO Xmt Rcv Rcv TagRcv DMA FIFO Overrun Missing Missing Error CRC Service Overrun DelimiterDelimiter Error Timer Expired

-   -   Rcv CRC error (bit 0). This is set when a CRC error is detected        on the Recieve data frame (Data from switch core). This bit        resets to zero.    -   Rcv Tag error (bit 1). This is set when a CRC error is detected        on the Recieve data frame (Data from switch core). This bit        resets to zero.    -   Rcv Missing Delimiter error (bit 2). This is set when a missing        SOF or EOF is detected on the Receive data frame (Data from        switch core). This bit resets to zero.    -   Xmt Missing Delimiter error (bit 3). This is set when a missing        SOF or EOF is detected on the Receive data frame (Data from        switch core). This bit resets to zero.    -   Rcv FIFO overrun (bit 4). This is set when there is an overrun        in the Recieve FIFO. This bit resets to zero.    -   Xmt FIFO overrun (bit 5). This is set when there is an overrun        in the Transmit FIFO. This bit resets to zero.    -   Rcv DMA service timer expired (bit 7). This is set when the DMA        Service timer expired on the Recive side. This bit resets to        zero.    -   Rcv CRC error counter wrap (bit 8). This is set when the Rcv CRC        error counter wraps from its maximum count back to zero. This        bit resets to zero.    -   Rcv Tag error counter wrap (bit 9). This is set when the Rcv Tag        error counter wraps from its maximum count back to zero. This        bit resets to zero.    -   Rcv Delimiter error counter wrap (bit 10). This is set when the        Rcv Delimiter error counter wraps from its maximum count back to        zero. This bit resets to zero.    -   Rcv DMA service expired counter wrap (bit 11). This is set when        the Rcv DMA service counter wraps from its maximum count back to        zero. This bit resets to zero.    -   Xmt Delimiter error counter wrap (bit 12). This is set when the        Xmt Delimeter error counter wraps from its maximum count back to        zero. This bit resets to zero.    -   Rcv Word counter wrap (bit 14). This is set when the Rcv word        counter wraps from its maximum count back to zero. This bit        resets to zero.    -   Xmt word counter wrap (bit 15). This is set when the Xmt word        counter wraps from its maximum count back to zero. This bit        resets to zero.    -   Rcv Frame recieved (bit 16). This is set when the Rcv FIFO        recieved a complete frame from the switch core. This bit resets        to zero.    -   Xmt Frame recieved (bit 17). This is set when the Xmt FIFO        transmitted a complete frame from the switch core. This bit        resets to zero.    -   Rcv Frame DMA'ed (bit 18). This is set after the Rcv frame is        FIFO has been DMA'ed by the processor.    -   Timer 0 (bit 24). This is set when the Timer 0 counter reaches        0.    -   Timer 0 (bit 25). This is set when the Timer 1 counter reaches        0.    -   Heartbeat (bit 26). This is set when the Heartbeat counter        reaches 0.        6.3.2 Interrupt Mask Register

Register RW Bits Description Interrupt mask RW 31:0 (See Interruptregister)

-   -   Event interrupt mask (bits 31:0). Set the mask bits        corresponding to the interrupt bits that are to generate        interrupt to the processor. Reset the mask bits corresponding to        the interrupt bits to be ignored. This register resets to zero.        Note: this register only selects the interrupt bits that        contribute to the “INT_” output pin. It has no effect on the        actual interrupt register bits.        6.3.3 Control Register

Register RW Bits Description Control RW 31:24 Xmt Rcv Xmt Rcv Rcv TagError CRC Send Frame Frame Delim DMA Delim cnt Error frame cnt cnt errorservice err cnt cnt cnt cnt RW 23:16 10 us MSTB Rx write tag [1:0] Txwrite tag [1:0] Reset Reset RW 15:8 ARM Global Router Discard Xmt RcvXmt Tag reset reset Request Frame DMA DMA Generation Enable on ErrorRequest Request Enable Enable Enable Enable RW 7:0 Rcv Tag DMA Big RcvXmt Rcv CRC Xmt Rcv Checking Reset endian DMA CRC Checking Enable EnableEnable Service Generation Enable Timer Enable Enable

-   -   Rcv enable (bit 0). This bit must be set to enable the recieve        path. This bit resets to zero.    -   Xmt enable (bit 1). This bit must be set to enable the recieve        path. This bit resets to zero.    -   Rcv CRC checking enable (bit 2). When this bit must is set, CRC        checking is enabled in the Recive path. This bit resets to zero.    -   Xmt CRC generation enable (bit 3). When this bit is set, CRC        generation is enabled in the Trasmit path. This bit resets to        zero.    -   Rcv DMA service timer enable (bit 4). When this bit is set, the        Recieve DMA service timer is enabled. This bit resets to zero.    -   Big endian (bit 5). When this bit is set, bytes are swapped on        all words going to and from the switch core as follows: [7:0] to        [31:24],[15:8] to [23:16], [23:16] to [15:8], and [31:24] to        [7:0].    -   DMA Reset (bit 6). When set, this bit initialixes the CPU port        module. Thisi bit must be written to zero to terminate the reset        operation. This bit resets to zero.    -   Rcv Tag checking enable (bit 7). When this bit is set, Tag        checking is enabled in the Receive path. This bit resets to        zero.    -   Xmt Tag generation enable (bit 8). When this bit is set, Tag        generation is enabled in the Transmit path. If this bit is not        set then the Tag information needs to be provided via the TX        write Tag and the Rx Write tag. Note: the EOF Tag needs to be        set on the previous two data words. This bit resets to zero.    -   Rcv DMA request enable (bit 9). When this bit is set, The DMA        request interface function is enabld in the Recieve path. This        bit resets to zero.    -   Xmt DMA request enable (bit 10). When this bit is set, The DMA        request interface function is enabld in the Recieve path. This        bit resets to zero.    -   Discard frame on error enable (bit 11). When this bit is set, A        frame is discarded when an error is detected. This bit resets to        zero.    -   Router request enable (bit 12). When this bit is set, The Router        interface function is enabled. This bit resets to zero.    -   Global Reset (bit 14). This signal is mapped to an output pin to        reset the entire group of ASICs for maintaining system level        sycchonation. This bit must be written to zero to terminate the        rest operation. This bit resets to zero.    -   ARM Reset (bit 15). When set, this bit initializes the ARM        processor. This bit must be written to zero to terminate the        reset operation. This bit resets to zero.    -   Tx write tag [1:0] (bit 17:16). This field provides the tag when        manually writting to the Tx FIFO's. This field resets to zero.    -   Rx write tag [1:0] (bit 21:20). This field provides the tag bits        when manually writing to the Rx FIFO. This field resets to zero    -   MSTB Reset (bit 22). When this millisecond timer reset to zero.        This bit resets to zero.    -   10us Reset (bit 22). When this bit is set the 10 micro-second        timer reset to zero. This bit resets to zero.    -   Send Frame (bit 24). After a frame has been loaded into the Tx        FIFO then this bit needs to be set to send the frame to the        switch core. THis bit is selfclearing.    -   CRC Error Cnt Enable (bit25). This bit corresponds to the        statistic counters. When this bit is set the counter is enabled.    -   TAG Error Cnt Enable (bit26). This bit corresponds to the        statistic counters. When this bit is set the counter is enabled.    -   RCV Delimeter Error Cnt Enable (bit27). This bit corresponds to        the statistic counters. When this bit is set the counter is        enabled.    -   DMA Service Expired Cnt Enable (bit28). This bit corresponds to        the statistic counters. When this bit is set the counter is        enabled.    -   XMT Delimiter Error Cnt Enable (bit29). This bit corresponds to        the statistic counters. When this bit is set the counter is        enabled.    -   RCV Frame Cnt Enable (bit30). This bit corresponds to the        statistic counters. When this bit is set the counter is enabled.    -   XMT Frame Cnt Enable (bit31). This bit corresponds to the        statistic counters. When this bit is set the counter is enabled.        6.3.4 Xmt FIFO Read and Write Pointer Register

Register RW Bits Description Xmt FIFO Read/Write Pointer RW 31:0 XmtFIFO read pointer Xmt FIFO write pointer [8:0] [8:0]

-   -   Xmt FIFO write pointer [8:0](bits 8:0). This field specifies the        next location to be written in the Xmt FIFO. This field resets        to zero.    -   Xmt FIFO write pointer [8:0](bits 24:16). This field specifies        the next location to be written in the Xmt FIFO. This field        resets to zero.        6.3.5 Xmt FIFO Data Register

Register RW Bits Description Xmt FIFO Data RW 31:0 Xmt FIFO data word[31:0]

-   -   Xmt FIFO data [31:0] (bits 31:0). Reading this register reports        the contents of the Xmt FIFO RAM word addressed by Xmt read        pointer. The Xmt read pointer auto-increments by one with each        read from this register. Writing this register writes to the        word addressed by the Xmt write pointer. The Xmt write pointer        auto-increments by one with each write to this register. This        register resets to zero.        6.3.6 Rcv DMA Service Timer Register

Register RW Bits Description Rcv DMA Service Timer RW 31:0 Rcv DMAService Max Rcv DMA Service Timer [9:0] [9:0]

-   -   Rcv DMA service timer [9:0] (bits (9:0). This field accesses DMA        service timer counter. The counter starts counting upon a full        frame being rev'ed into the FIFO and stops counting upon the        full frame being completely DMA'ed. Each bit represents one        millisecond that is based off of the MSTB counter. The DMA        Service timer is the actual count the counter is on. This        counter resets to zero    -   Rcv DMA service Max [9:0] (bits 25:16). The RCV DMA Service max        is the maximum the counter will count to before setting the        corresponding interrupt bit. This counter resets to zero.        6.3.7 Rcv FIFO Read and Write Pointer Register

Register RW Bits Description Rcv FIFO Read/Write Pointer RW 31:0 RcvFIFO read pointer [8:0] Rcv FIFO write pointer [8:0]

-   -   Rcv FIFO write pointer [8:0] (bits 8:0). This field specifies        the next location to be written in the Rcv FIFO. This field        resets to zero.    -   Rev FIFO write pointer [8:0] (bits 24:16). This field specifies        the next location to be read from the Rcv FIFO. This field        resets to zero.        6.3.8 Rcv FIFO Data Register

Register RW Bits Description Rcv FIFO Data RW 31:0 Rcv FIFO data word[31:0]

-   -   Rev FIFO data [31:0] (bits 31:0). Reading this registor reports        the contents of the Rev FIFO RAM word addressed by the Rev read        pointer. The Rev read pointer auto-increments by one with each        read from this register. Writing this register writes to the        word addressed by the Rev write pointer. The Rev write pointer        auto-increments by one with each write to this register. This        register resets to zero.        6.3.9 Statistics Counter Registers

Register RW Bits Description Rcv CRC error RW 31:0 Counter [31:0] RcvTag error RW 31:0 Counter [31:0] Rcv Delimiter error RW 31:0 Counter[31:0] Rcv DMA service expired RW 31:0 Counter [31:0] Xmt Delimitererror RW 31:0 Counter [31:0] Rcv word count RW 31:0 Counter [31:0] Xmtword count RW 31:0 Counter [31:0]

-   -   Statistics counter [31:0] (bits 31:0). Reading this register        reports the counter value. Writing this register presets a        counter with the value in this register. The enable bits for        each corresponding register are in the Control Register. The        counter resets to zero.        7. Signal Descriptions

The table below describes the signals from the Vixel SOC422 Loop Switch.

SOC422 Signal Signal Descriptions Signal Name I/O Signal Descriptionclk106 I 106.25 MHz clock, locally generated from crystal oscillatorrefclkr[3:0] I 106.25 MHz clock, frequency locked to source drivingclk106 must maintain +/− lns skew between clk106 and refclk0-3 clk53 O53.125 MHz clock, internally generated from 106 MHz input clock.sysclk_out O 53.125 (1 Gbps) or 106.25 (2 Gbps) MHz in- ternal systemclock. Reset_l I System reset. Must be held low for at least 80 ns.Active low. lip_timeout O Reset out signal asserted when a forced loopinitialization doesn't return a LIP Serial EPROM Interface Par_sel ISelect parallel or I²C interface as active (1 = parallel interfaceactive) seeprom_clk IO Serial shift clock for EEPROM to be used to holdproduct serial number. seeprom_data IO Serial data signal for EEPROM.I²C Microprocessor Interface up_data IO Microprocessor I²C serial datapin up_clk I Microprocessor I²C serial clock pin Dev_id[1:0] I Device IDfor I²C bus. Allows 4 Loop Switch chips to share 1 I²C control busParallel Microprocessor Interface Addr[15:0] IO Parallel processoraddress bus. Data[15:0] IO Parallel processor data bus. Wrn I Parallelprocessor write control line Rdn I Parallel processor read control lineRwn I Parallel processor data bus direction control line Csn I Parallelprocessor chip select line interrupt O CPU Interrupt signal. Opencollector output. Probe Mux interface Pbmuxi[10:0] I Select lines forthe main probe mux. When set to all 0's, the probe mux outputs for all 3probe muxes are disabled. (Alternative function is scan_in bus duringscan testing.) pbmuxo[19:0] O Dedicated probe data outputs. Refer tosection Error! Reference source not found. for more details (Alternativefunction is scan_out bus during scan testing.) pb_mux_sel2a[4:0] ISelect lines for probe mux 2a. pb_mux_sel2b[4:0] I Select lines forprobe mux 2b. Status and LED Interface led_data O LED serial data. Usedto shift LED data into external shift registers to drive LED's.Serial_clk O LED serial clock. Used to clock serial data into externalshift registers. d_rate_sel I Data rate select pin 0 - 1 GBPS Data Rate1 - 2 GBPS Data Rate act_d_rate O Active data rate of the Loop Switch.Software override of discrete input d_rate_sel may change the activerate from that selected. Brd_id[2:0] I Board ID status. Allows processorto read the board revision. Mgmt_Pres I Management Present Status.Allows the Loop Switch to determine whether a processor is present ornot. Mgmt_Activity I Ethernet interface activity status. Controls LEDshowing ethernet activity. EEPROM_Pres I EEPROM Present status. IfEEPROM is present, load data from EEPROM and start running. If no EEPROMis present, wait for processor configuration to complete and be placedon-line. (Low level indicates EEPROM is present) Overtemp I OvertempStatus. Active low signal indicating temperature has exceeded limits.Fan[3:0] I Fan Stall Status. Monitors for chassis fan stall.

Signal Name I/O Signal Description Port Interface (× 20) txp/txn OEncoded differential data to be transmitted. tx_dis O Transmitterdisable to GBIC/SFP to turn off a laser driver. tx_fault I Transmitterfault from GBIC/SFP. Indicates a laser has had a failure. rxp/rxn IEncoded differential data received by transceiver. rx_los I Receiverloss of signal from GBIC/SFP. Indicates the receive signal does not havesufficient signal amplitude to recover a proper signal. Moddef[2: IOGBIC/SFP Module ID pins. Note: moddef[0] is 0] always an input, butmoddef[2:1] are bi- directional signals to allow the port logic to readand write to these pins to read the serial ID on a GBIC/SFP Module.moddef[0:2] Description 111 No module present 110 Copper style 1 orstyle 2 active, inter-connector 101 Copper style 1 or style 2 passive,intra-connector 100 Optical LW 100-SM-LC-L 011 Serial ID Module 010Optical SW 100-M5-SN-I or 100-M6-SN-I 001 Optical LW 100-SM-LC-L &similar 1.25 Gbd 000 Optical SW 100-M5-SN-I, 100-M6-SN-I & 1.25 GbdRtrim Serdes process compensation circuit for tx/rx termination 1 inputonly, connect to 3.0K 1% resistor to VDD Discrete I/O Utility_tm OOutput pulse indicating that the utility timer has r0 reached its maxcount and rolled over. Utility_tm O Output pulse indicating that theutility timer has r1 reached its max count and rolled over. Utility_tm OOutput pulse indicating that the utility timer has r2 reached its maxcount and rolled over. Power/Ground rxbvdd[21:0] Serdes receiver serialanalog power 1.8 V +/− 5% rxbvss[21:0] Serdes receiver serial analogground portx_vdd[21:0] Serdes receiver analog power 1.8 V +/− 5%rxvss[21:0] Serdes receiver analog ground txbvdd[21:0] Serdestransmitter serial analog power 1.8 V +/− 5% txbvss[21:0] Serdestransmitter serial analog ground txvdd[21:0], Serdes transmitter analogpower 1.8 V +/− 5% port_x_vdd_the rm[x:0] txvss[21:0] Serdes transmitteranalog ground vddl8core Core power, 1.8 V +/− 5% vddio33 3.3 V digitalI/O power 3.3 V +/− 5% Vss Core and digital I/O ground Test Interfacetn_enable I Chip tri-state control. 0 - All output pins are tri-stated1 - Normal mode iid_test I IDDQ test mode pin. Used only in chip pro-duction. Should be tied low for normal operation. Prmndao O Processmonitor output Used for factory test only jtag_tclk I JTAG test clockjtag_tdi I JTAG scan data input jtag_tdo O JTAG scan data outputjtag_rst I JTAG reset jtag_msel I JTAG mode select scn_enb I Internalscan enable scan_mode I Internal scan test mode. 0 - Normal OperatingMode 1 - Scan Mode, bypasses gated resets

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail byway of illustration and example for purposes of clarity andunderstanding, it may be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill inthe art in light of the teachings of this invention that certain changesand modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spiritor scope of the appended claims.

1. A Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop interconnect system comprising: afirst port in a plurality of ports, a second port in the plurality ofports, said first and second ports including port logic to monitor Open(OPN) arbitrated loop primitives, and adapted to connect to devicessupporting a Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop protocol, a crossbar switchcoupled to the plurality of ports, a route determination apparatusincluding a routing table comprised of Arbitrated Loop PhysicalAddresses (ALPAs) and their associated ports, the route determinationapparatus separate from the plurality of ports and directly coupled toeach of the plurality of ports and the crossbar switch through separatesignaling paths, the route determination apparatus configured forrouting based on primitives by programming the crossbar switch toestablish direct paths between the first and second ports in thecrossbar switch according to received OPN arbitrated loop primitives,the direct paths excluding all other ports, wherein the crossbar switchis configured as a primitive switch that creates the direct pathsbetween the first and second ports based on the OPN arbitrated loopprimitives, and wherein priority for each port is independent of theALPAs.
 2. A system for interconnecting Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loopdevices comprising: a first Arbitrated Loop containing one or more FibreChannel arbitrated ioop devices, a second Arbitrated Loop device, aFibre Channel Arbitrated Loop interconnect system, the interconnectsystem including: a first port in a plurality of ports, the first portcontaining port logic coupled to the first Arbitrated Loop, a secondport in the plurality of ports, the second port containing port logiccoupled to the second Arbitrated Loop, the first and second portsadapted to connect to devices supporting a Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loopprotocol, route determination apparatus separate from the plurality ofports and directly coupled to each of the plurality of ports throughseparate signaling paths and configured for routing based on primitivesby selecting a direct route between the first and second ports based onreceived Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop primitives from the ports, thedirect route excluding all other ports, and including a routing tablecontaining Arbitrated Loop Physical Addresses (ALPAs) and theirassociated ports, and a crossbar switch directly coupled to the firstand second ports and to the route detennination apparatus throughseparate signaling paths, the crossbar switch configured as a primitiveswitch for switching frames between ports under control of the routedetermination apparatus, wherein Fibre Channel frames are transferredbetween a device on the first Arbitrated Loop and the second ArbitratedLoop device, and wherein priority for each port is independent of theALPAs.
 3. The interconnect system of claim 2 wherein the Arbitrated Loopprimitives that cause the crossbar switch to create paths between portsincludes one or more of the following: Arbitrate (ARB), Open (OPN) andClose (CLS).
 4. The interconnect system of claim 2 including a ReceiverReady (R_RDY) counter to count R_RDY's sent by an originating FibreChannel Arbitrated Loop device before the Open (OPN) response isreceived by the originating Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop Device.
 5. Theinterconnect system of claim 2 wherein the second Arbitrated Loop deviceis on the first port.
 6. The interconnect system of claim 2 wherein thesecond Arbitrated Loop device is on the second port.